Diffusion weighted (DW) Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI Essay

Diffusion weighted (DW) Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI - Essay Example The exploration of diffusion in MRI includes the way MRI is sensitized to diffusion; the effects of spins, both stationary and moving spins; how diffusion-weighted images are affected by physiological motion; the how of the achievement of the various diffusion weightings; and information on diffusion and how those are measured (Hagmann et al. 2006; Mori and Barker 1999, pp. 102-106; Tonarelli 2012; Parker 2004, pp. S176-S178; Everdingen et al. 1998; Barker 1999; Maas 2005; Le Bihan et al. 2006; Yablonskiy et al. 2003; Koh and Collins 2007; Le Bihan 2011; Basser and Jones 2002; Battal et al. 2012; De Foer 2010; Luypaert et al. 2001; Williams et al. 1992; Topgaard 2006) II. Background on Diffusion Diffusion on the molecular level is said to be the result of natural Brownian movement, where molecules randomly move through the diffusion medium because of the agitation caused by thermal characteristics of the medium. In all the displacement of the molecules comes up to zero by mean figure s, but over time, there are positive probabilities associated with the non-zero movement of a molecule, so that over time, a molecule is said to probably have moved from an initial position at an earlier time. Here the time elapsed corresponds to a correlation with the distance moved, where different fluids acting as diffusion mediums determine the distance as characterized by the diffusion constant for that liquid type. There is a difference between the freely diffusing movement of water molecules, meanwhile, to the diffusion of liquids in the tissues of human beings, so that in human tissues one talks of an ADC, or an apparent diffusion coefficient, to be differentiated from the free diffusion coefficients of liquids outside of human bodies, such as those used to characterize water in containers at certain temperatures. On the other hand, for human tissues, various considerations further come into play, such as differences in the mobility of different fluids in different parts of the body and in different parts of a particular organ, such as the human brain. Boundary conditions also differ for liquids found in different body parts. All these affect the coefficient of diffusion in various ways, with the general observation that the ADC is generally smaller in comparison to the free diffusion coefficients of liquids like water outside of the human body (Luypaert et al. 2001; Roberts and Rowley 2003). Going into diffusion types, meanwhile, there are two, one being isotropic diffusion and the other being anisotropic diffusion. In isotropic diffusion, the rate of diffusion is the same in all directions, and so the resulting diffusion distribution is spherical. In anisotropic diffusion, the diffusion rate depends on where the diffusion is oriented, and there is uneven diffusion in different directions. The distance of the diffusion is orientation-dependent, in other words, and the diffusion distribution is characterized by an ellipsoid (Module 1 2013). III. MRI an d Diffusion A. How MRI is Sensitized to Diffusion In a hypothetical case, the typical distribution of displacement of water molecules in such a container is said to follow a bell curve, with majority of the water molecules able to travel only for short distances from their initial location, whereas a few of the water molecules are able to be displaced at further distances from average. For a given initial temperature of the water, moreover,

Self-Reflective Journal on Corporate Social Responsibility Essay - 1

Self-Reflective Journal on Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example This paper illustrates that a valuable relationship between CSR and social media was understood through the case of Goldman Sachs where the company gained both in terms of revenue and brand value through philanthropic contributions. Other companies such as Facebook and Google, which are predominantly online, are using the social media channel in order to achieve competitive advantage. The literature review from various other news reports and news articles also revealed that corporate social responsibility has become one of the crucial elements in the strategic decision-making process of organizations. Media is quickly becoming one of the emergent channels for information. As a result, companies are frequently utilizing social media platforms in order to engage with its customers as well as disseminate critical information about their national and international CSR activities. Rising consciousness among individuals as well as growing number of environmental communities have also impac ted the rise of CSR among big firms. However, the reports and articles also revealed that high disparity exists in terms of CSR activities between large and established firms and small and medium-sized companies. The seminar started with the discussion of the burgeoning issues which are hampering the authenticity of social media. Then the topic of CSR and its current practices were discussed. The key topics of discussion were internal and external CSR aspects, issues and challenges while implementing CSR strategies through social media channel, the importance of CSR activities in the global marketplace. Another important issue which was discussed in detail was changing climate conditions and its impact on the global environment.

Indian Tobacco Company Analysis

Indian Tobacco Company Analysis Indian Tobacco Company ITC Limited, a Rs. 8000-crore Indian conglomerate, and a market leader in the tobacco industry has been strategically diversifying into other related and unrelated businesses since 1970 in the order to reduce its dependency on its tobacco business. It has forayed into the arenas of FMCG (fast moving consumable goods), information technology and agri business to obtain the different revenue streams and also to enhance the brand image. The corporation has been successful in its hotel business known as the ITC-Welcome and collaborated with the international groups market its hospitality services. IT has also packaged foods, branded apparel, greeting cards and stationary, paperboards, packaging and incense sticks businesses in its portfolio. Through the application of effective diversification of its corporate portfolio, ITC has successfully spread its business and market risks across the whole spectrum of the Indian economy and abroad. ITC Group is known as to be one of the most successfully diversified companies, and is also known for its projects on social upliftment like women`s empowerment, primary education, and integrated watershed development program. It has 15,000 employees in India, 3500 in Europe and 2500 in USA. It was incorporated on 24th august 1910 under the name Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited. As an Indian management team took ownership of the company from its British counterparts in 1974, its name was changed to I.T.C limited. In 1975 ITC entered in Hotels In 1988 entered in agro business. In 2000 entered in Fashion Retail shop In 2000 entered in Software business. In 2001 common base like greeting cards and stationary market. MARTIN-make worries into ash. The new brand of ITC cigarette New brands viz., MARTIN is introduced. Long-term agreements were entered into with the unions of factories located at Calcutta, Saharanpur and Munger. ITC CIGARETTE and tobacco is the core business of ITC and market leader in India with a market share of 60% both respect of value and volume. It earns 78% of its total revenues from this business and has a profit margin of 40%. It accounts for two-third of India`s present annual cigarette sticks market of 90 millions of which 18% is exported in cigarettes in country. The company markets popular cigarette brands are available in the market but some are Wills, insignia, India kings, Classic, Gold Flake, Silk Cut, Navy Cut, Scissors, Capstan, Berkeley, Bristol and Flake etc. The company`s focus has been to deliver the highest product quality and value to consumers in the cigarette and tobacco business, which has helped the company maintain its leadership in that industry. To boost the sales growth momentum, it has helped the company maintain its leadership in that industry. To boost the sales growth momentum, it has introduced festival packs of brands like `Flake Filter`, `Bristol Filter`, and `Scissors Filter` in select markets of Kerala. ITC Cigarette is coming with new brand and i.e MARTIN The company had that much of capability to build a leadership position because of its single minded focus on to create the value for the customer; to make the customer most valuable person in the company by attractive product design, quality, and innovation in the product, production technology, marketing and distribution in the market. Due to all reason ITC is serving the customers from the long period of time. This strategic focus on the consumer has paid ITC fantastic profits. ITC`s has international competitiveness is reflected in the overseas markets too. In the extremely competitive US market, ITC offers high-quality, value-priced cigarettes on ready to serve the customers. In West Asia, ITC has become a key player in the GCC markets through growing volumes of its brands. ITC`s cigarettes are produced in state those are Bangalore, Munger, Saharanpur and Kolkata. These factories are known for their high levels of quality, by their technology and work environment. Market Leadership. Powerful brands across whole segment. Consumer acceptable prices. Extensive distribution network Over 900 wholesale dealers serving more than 1 million retail outlets. World- class state-of-the-art technology and product. Investment Rs.10 billion in six years. Leaf Tobacco: ITC pioneered the cultivation and development of leaf Tobaccos in India. The Leaf Tobacco business partnership with the farmer is almost 100 years old. ITC is the largest buyer, processor and exporter of leaf tobaccos in India- creating a global bench mark for the single largest integrated source of quality tobaccos. Composition: Filter is made of 95 % cellulose acetate. Tipping paper to cover the filter. Rolling paper to cover the tobacco. Tobacco blend. BUSINESS MISSION AND VISION Mission is To enhance the wealth generating capability of the enterprise in a globalizing environment, delivering superior and sustainable stakeholder value. Vision is Sustain ITC`s position as one of India`s most valuable corporations through world class performance, creating growing value for the Indian economy and the Company`s stakeholders. ITC`s CORE VALUES Honesty towards work. Customer Focus. Respect for People. Excellence in quality and service. Innovation in ideas Product. MARKETING OBJECTIVE To make the world class or world known brand by providing the best quality and satisfy the customer need with delightful feeling. To retain the position as a market leader in marketplace. And make more than 85% revenues of Cigarettes in the year 2010-2011. Best in Internal Vitality, market standing, profitability. SITUATION ANALYSIS COMPETITIORS: In India, three major cigarette players dominate the market, primarily ITC with 75% market share, Godfrey Phillips with 14% and VST with 4% share of the market. SEGMENTATION, TARGETTING POSITIONING: As concern about segmentation, they are segmented according to the needs and taste of the customer. In every business they segmented the products with the level of income. Products are available according to their purchasing capacity. Products are available with the lowest price as well as higher price. As in the hotel ITC provide categories of the hotel rooms. As targeting is concern ITC targeting the youth mainly with the taste for trendy style and started offering quality; they are concern about the quality not quantity. SUPPLY CHAN MANAGEMENT: The following components are in supply chain management. Production: It all about where business focus on how much to produce, where to produce it and what are the suppliers to use. Inventory: It all about where the business decides where to store their products, and how much to store. Distribution: where the business address questions about how their should be moved and stored. Payments: It concern about where business look for the best ways to suppliers and get paid by customers. Manufacturing Process: Cigarette manufacturing process involves processing of tobacco leaf and stem to different tobacco blends, which is cut tobacco. Cut tobacco is then converted to cigarette using other raw materials for making cigarettes and packing them in various forms as per the trading requirement. ITD receives various grades of Tobacco Leaf and stem from Indian Leaf Tobacco Division (ILTD) based mainly in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. The cut tobacco is then sent to the secondary manufacturing division (SMD) for making and packing cigarettes. At SMD, there are two processes: Making and Packing Making is the process is the rolling of cigarette. Packing process is packing of these cigarette sticks in the cigarette packets of various pack styles. MARKETING STATERGY CORPRATION STATERGY: Do the right things to the right place at the right time. Sustain multiple drivers of growth matching internal capabilities with emerging market opportunities. Pursue world class competitiveness in all businesses and across the entire value chain. As we talk about the pricing strategy ITC cigarettes using Pricing penetration because of their high name in the market. Form the starting they taking the high prices. And after getting the relevant profit they low down the prices. But with that the price range is widely varied catering to the low and high-class consumer segment, ITC has made capital investments of Rupees 700 crores in its cigarette business to upgrade and modernize its manufacturing and research and development facilities. Additional rs. 450 crore has been spent towards building a new and state of art manufacturing plant on Bangalore. The decision to raise prices of some cigarette brands has led to increased sales revenue. The packs are designed in such a way that customer got attracted. Diversification Strategy: It has been observed that ITC`s opt the diversified strategy have been carefully implemented in order to optimize the synergies obtained through both backward and vertical integration of its business. The company had felt need to diversify from the early 1970 and had started the process by entering into the business that provided a good return on investment and a potential for future expansion. In March 2005, ITC stands as a multi-business enterprise, with an impressive market share in almost all the FMCG segment, Hotels, Paperboard and agri-Business sectors. It has successfully crafted a strategy of value addition by entering into related segments, which adds to the competencies and resources of the company. ITC also come with up the diversified brands of cigarette too. ITC apply the diversified strategy by the deep understanding of the markets and consumer tastes. ITC cigarettes come up with the differentiated strategy because they come up with differentiated brands. MARKETING MIX Marketing mix is used in business to gain the reaction it is seeking from its targeting market in relation to its marketing objectives. Marketing mix is including the 7Ps Price, Product, Promotion, Place, People, Process, and Physical Environment Traditional approach is 4 p`s and from the following p`s people is very important in the market. Because in marketing we first identify the demand of people then try to satisfy them with their goods and services. PRODUCT: Methods used to improve/differentiate the product and increase sales or target sales more effectively to gain a competitive advantage e.g. Extension strategies. PRICE: Pricing strategy using by ITC is penetration strategy. As ITC also take care of price according to the income of the people. Its also important to know about the market condition of their product. PROMOTION/ADVERTISMENT: Advertisement and promotion is used to make aware and increase the sales of the product respectively through print media, on internet etc. It help to make aware of the existence of a product. PLACE: Place is where the customer get the product and the services from the producer. Selection of the place is depend on the market research what the demand of the customer, competition in market and geographical condition is also matter. And in which place consumer is easy to buy the product. Positioning of ITC Cigarettes in the market: BCG Matrix: In this Boston consultant group it tells about the market share and growth of the product. In this we take four i.e. stars, dogs, question mark, and cash cow. Cash cow is when market share and growth is on the top. And dogs show both are less STARS Agri Business Paperboards Hotels QUESTION MARK FMCG- Other CASH COWS FMCG Cigarettes DOGS ITC Infotech In product life cycle ITC cigarettes is in the maturity stage of existing brands of cigarettes. SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT is mainly told about the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats can face by the company. It also helps to predict the future of the company. Whereas strength and weakness are controllable and opportunities and threats are uncontrollable in nature. ITC is one of India`s biggest and well known private sector companies. In fact it is one of the World`s most high profile consumer operations. It is business and brands are focused almost entirely on the Indian markets, and despite being most well-known for its tobacco brands such as navy cut, silk cut, the business is now diversifying into new FMCG brands in a number of market sectors. (S)TRENGTHS: Market leadership is the one of the biggest strength of the company. ITC leveraged it traditional businesses to develop new brands for new segments. For e.g. ITC used its experience of transporting and distributing tobacco products to remote and distant parts of India to the advantages of its FMCG products. ITC master chefs from its hotel chain are often asked to develop new food concepts for its FMCG business. ITC is a diversified business is also strength of the ITC itself. Its CSR, social responsibilities like women empowerment, water shed development, primary education also the strengths for ITC. Six Sigma based product development process. Provide the best class products in quality and quantity. E-chopal is biggest strength for ITC. (W)EAKNESSES: The company`s original business was traded in tobacco. ITC business i.e. now so involved in branding continues t use its original name, despite the negative connection of tobacco with poor health and premature death. Even today, ITC depend on the tobacco business revenues. Cigarettes account for 49% of company`s turnover and responsible for 82% of revenues. One single brand Gold Flake is gaining 72% of tobacco market. (O)PPORTUNITIES: FMCG product like Aashirvaad, Bingo, and Sun feast has the increasing growth in the market. This can be good opportunities for the future of ITC. ITC is moving into new and emerging sectors including IT with supporting business solutions. E-Choupal, the unique web based initiatives of ITC`s International business division, products and services they need to enhance farm productivity, improve farm-gate price realization and cut transaction costs. Farmers can access latest local and global information on weather, scientific farming practices as well as market prices at the village itself through this web portal in hindi.It is the biggest opportunities for ITC. Per capita consumption of personal care products in India is the lowest in the world offering an opportunity for ITCs soaps, shampoos and fragrances under their Wills brand. (T)HREATS: Firstly threat is the competition in domestic as well as international market. Dynamic nature of government policies like sudden banned on the advertisement of the cigarette; cigarette is main source for ITC, for revenue and if they are banned by the government law then it will put the very bad impact on the ITC Company. So dynamic government policies is also a biggest threat for the ITC. Basic threat is geographical conditions. Highly dependency on tobacco business can be the threat for ITC. Future Outlook: Company stands to gain between Rs. 5 billion and 5.5 billion in the form of future earnings. ITC is focused on acquiring leadership in IT areas of product life cycle management(PLM), Hospitality, Customer relation management(CRM), manufacturing services. Rural sector development has been high on priority with regard to its future projects. The company is focusing on moving ahead with e-Choupal.

Pride And Prejudice :: essays research papers

Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen is a novel that goes into great detail discussing the reasons for marriage. Marriage in the 1800's, when this novel took place, was very different from conventional marriages today. In that period in time, reasons for marriages were wealth, convenience, and most uncommonly, love. The first of these reasons is the subject of wealth. The opening sentence of Pride and Prejudice states, "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife." In the 19th century, women usually only wanted to marry men if they were rich. This was the guys' way of getting a wife, if they were fortunate enough. As Mrs. Bennet says, "If I can see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield†¦and the others equally married, I shall have nothing to wish for." One easily realizes how obsessed Mrs. Bennet is with having rich son-in-laws. All that matters to her is having her daughters married to wealthy men. This one concern was not scarce in the era. The second of the three reasons is convenience. Charlotte Lucas says it best: "I only ask a comfortable home; and considering Mr. Collins character, connections, and situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness with him is as fair as most people can boast†¦" Collins isn't wealthy, but all that Charlotte wants, he can give her. This marriage is by far the most convenient of the novel. Another great example of a marriage of convenience is Mr. and Mrs. Bennet. This convenient marriage is not as easily seen, though one notices how formal they are with each other. Mr. and Mrs. Bennet don't seem to like each other at all. This seems to be very far from Jane Austen's view of marriage, though. The third reason for marriage is love. Although a marriage brought about by love was very uncommon at this time, Jane Austen believed it was the only true reason. Elizabeth Bennet was Jane Austen's "mouthpiece" regarding this. Austen showed her new fangled views of marriage though the character of Lizzie. A prime example of marrying for the reason of love is Jane and Mr. Bingley. These two characters were attracted to each other from the very beginning, and are the only characters in the novel that truly married out of a devout love for each other.

Meaning of life essay Essay

?â€Å"You will never be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life† (Camus). If you spend your whole life searching for one thing you will waste your life and it will only take a few moments for time to pass you by. The meaning of life is nonexistent and imponderable. ?â€Å"The meaning of life is contained in every single expression of life. It is present in the infinity of forms and phenomena that exist in all of creation† (Jackson). The meaning of life is simply the way you view it. Like religion everyone has different philosophies and opinions and only those who give life a meaning have the true understanding of the meaning of life. My Opinion on the Meaning of Life I believe the meaning of life is to give life a meaning, because there truly is no meaning otherwise. I believe everyone adds their own meaning to life. The meaning of life is never universal, never complex. I believe the meaning of life should be simple and potentially whatever we want it to be. I do what I do because I want to. It’s that simple for me; I do it because it means something to me. â€Å"Life is a great big canvas, and you should throw all the paint on it you can† (Kaye). I believe this quote is saying that you should give life your all and do whatever it takes to make your life the way you want it. This is saying someone should do what you believe the philosophy of your life is. Many people go about their lives searching for the meaning of life and how it applies to them but in reality they will waste their lives away looking for something that does not exist. â€Å"There is not one big cosmic meaning for all; there is only the meaning we each give to our life, an individual meaning, an individual plot, like an individual novel, a book for each person† (Nin). â€Å" Life has no meaning. Each of us has meaning and we bring it to life. It is a waste to be asking the question when you are the answer† (Campbell). This is saying how we bring the meaning to life and our thoughts and ideas on what we believe life is and should be. I do not believe in the idea of there being one specific meaning but millions for each and every soul around the earth. Various populations will all agree to disagree about their views but in retrospect you realize that everyone is right. Everyone gives their own meaning to the idea. Purposes and meanings will change, but the overall meaning to life, that there is no true meaning, will always stay the same. I believe the meaning of life is to give life a meaning. Works Cited ? â€Å"Albert Camus Quote. † BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. . ?†Anais Nin Quote. † BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. ? â€Å"Danny Kaye Quote. † BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. . ?†Michael Jackson Quote. † BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. .

Is Time Real Essay

Is Time Real The aspects of time that we can understand are only based on what we can perceive, observe, and calculate. Every day we look at our watches or clocks. We plan our day around different times of the day. Time tells us when to eat, when to sleep, and how long to do things for. Is time real? To answer this question, let me explain what time is first. Time is defined as a measured or measurable period, a continuum that lacks spatial dimensions. This broad definition lacks the simple explanation that humans are searching for. There are many scientists, philosophers, and thinkers who have tried to put time into understanding terms. In the following paragraph, I will discuss the meaning of time perceived and theorized by two of the greatest minds of human kind ? Einstein and Kant. Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity (study guide, 53) came up with the idea that both space and time were relative to the observer, or the state of motion of the observer (Broadcast). If there are two chairs, and you see someone sitting in one, when you turn away, you can not be sure that he or she is still there. You also can not be sure that they are not in two chairs at the same time, or what point in time they are in them. This all leads up to Einstein’s theory that time is relative. What Einstein’s theory seemed to tell us was that time is not absolute and universal. It can be changed by motion. Each observer carries around his own personal scale of time and it does not absolutely agree with anybody else’s. However, some philosophers have argued that all time is unreal. Kant, for example, claimed that time both the subjective time we experience as flowing, and objective time as the fixed series of all events ? is a construct of the human mind (Manuel Velasquez, 244). For Kant space and time are not real things, but are modes of experience. Kant’s solution was to say that there is something in our mind, that makes everything that we experience to our sense be located in time so that the physical world is simply bound to be temporal because of the way our minds works (Broadcast). From my point of view, time is definitely real, only our experience of time is subjective. For example, we see a train with blue color followed by yellow color followed by blue and so on. We will at first be able to distinguish the blue from the yellow as the train starts moving. After a while, the train moves very fast that the sequence appears to be simultaneous to our eyes and mind and we see green. We can see time is real because blue follows yellow, but our perception of time is subjective because we don’t see a sequence of blue following yellow, but something else entirely. In conclusion, time is not easily explained or understood by anyone. Einstein and Kant have expanded their minds by coming up with possible theories for the unknown. We can theorize, and calculate our own, but I think it will always be an unknown. The mysteries of the universe will in my opinion be just that, a mystery. Resources: Manuel Velasquez. â€Å"Introduction: What is philosophy† Philosophy: A text with Readings. New York: Wadsworth, 2005. 244.

Free Essays on Gender Attitude Toward The Elderly

The question of attitudes toward elderly individuals and the aging process has become relevant today especially with the baby boom generation approaching. The percentage and number of older adults in our society is steadily increasing and in recent decades, a tendency has developed to view the elderly as a serious handicap. Anyone past fifty is liable to be considered "old," as society family and friends start to show negative attitudes toward them. Although there have been recent studies which examine individuals attitudes toward the aged during different stages of the life-span, most of the research obtained from theses studies reflects the views of younger, adolescent aged adults. Past research purposes that adolescents hold negative views of the elderly and that females are more likely than males to show positive attitudes. The results of a study conducted by (Doka, 1985) investigated the initial attitudes and knowledge of twenty-four adolescents toward the elderly and aging pro cess. Results showed that the participants held negative attitudes toward the aged. Male and Female students believed that the elderly couldn’t drive and had more accidents then younger drivers, they also believed that the aged were miserable, isolated and lonely. This study found that the older the age group was the more negative views were attributed to them. Sanders, Montgomery, Pittman and Balkwell (1984) conducted a study with a twenty-item semantic differential scale to address the attitudes of college students towards six groups of male and female elderly persons. The age groups were (a) young-old (65-74years), (b) old-old (75-99) and (c) centenarians (100+ years). The results showed that the male and female participants had different ratings only for the older groups. The female students showed more positive attitudes toward the young-old females and males. They also held a slightly more positive attitude toward the centenarian targets compa... Free Essays on Gender Attitude Toward The Elderly Free Essays on Gender Attitude Toward The Elderly The question of attitudes toward elderly individuals and the aging process has become relevant today especially with the baby boom generation approaching. The percentage and number of older adults in our society is steadily increasing and in recent decades, a tendency has developed to view the elderly as a serious handicap. Anyone past fifty is liable to be considered "old," as society family and friends start to show negative attitudes toward them. Although there have been recent studies which examine individuals attitudes toward the aged during different stages of the life-span, most of the research obtained from theses studies reflects the views of younger, adolescent aged adults. Past research purposes that adolescents hold negative views of the elderly and that females are more likely than males to show positive attitudes. The results of a study conducted by (Doka, 1985) investigated the initial attitudes and knowledge of twenty-four adolescents toward the elderly and aging pro cess. Results showed that the participants held negative attitudes toward the aged. Male and Female students believed that the elderly couldn’t drive and had more accidents then younger drivers, they also believed that the aged were miserable, isolated and lonely. This study found that the older the age group was the more negative views were attributed to them. Sanders, Montgomery, Pittman and Balkwell (1984) conducted a study with a twenty-item semantic differential scale to address the attitudes of college students towards six groups of male and female elderly persons. The age groups were (a) young-old (65-74years), (b) old-old (75-99) and (c) centenarians (100+ years). The results showed that the male and female participants had different ratings only for the older groups. The female students showed more positive attitudes toward the young-old females and males. They also held a slightly more positive attitude toward the centenarian targets compa...

Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper - A Reaction

, men controlled the society opposing female equality. Women of the 19th century were considered far inferior to males and most people seemed to be content with this feeling, or at least didn’t do anything drastic to change it. Men had control at the time and they did their best to keep it that way by suppressing women by any means possible. For example, limiting them in activities such as reading or w... Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper - A Reaction Free Essays on The Yellow Wallpaper - A Reaction Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s 19th century literary story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, has had many minds pondering her thoughts and ideas about the women â€Å"role† for over one hundred years. Works such as this piece are quite unique in the array of different views and perceptions an individual could take from their interpretation of the reading. Seeing the true meaning of the story and relating it to the proper time period proves to show a clear correlation between the story and people in the 1800’s. A brief look at this story tells the reader of a woman, believed to be sick, staying in an â€Å"institution†. This isn’t a normal looking institution though because it is concealed as a summer home possibly for the reason to soften the ‘institutionalized feeling’ for the patient. The woman’s name is believed to be Jane and she has a passion for writing. She yearns to write as much as she possibly could in a day, if only her condition didn’t exhaust her of energy. John is Jane’s caring, loving husband who is also her physician. He diagnoses her and treats her for â€Å"temporary nervous depression† (Gilman 42). Staying in the old summer home, Jane begins to have strange thoughts toward the wallpaper in the room that she is staying in. Movements, images, and people begin to appear to her in the walls at night. The story comes to a conclusion with Jane completely losing her mind from hallucinations that she sees in the wallp aper. In the 19th century, societies were based upon patriarchal groundwork. In other words, men controlled the society opposing female equality. Women of the 19th century were considered far inferior to males and most people seemed to be content with this feeling, or at least didn’t do anything drastic to change it. Men had control at the time and they did their best to keep it that way by suppressing women by any means possible. For example, limiting them in activities such as reading or w...

Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie

They became very intimate and Arnold opened her mind and even told her how bad his life was. Likewise, Arnold became friends with a geek named Goudy, he told him he was a cartoonist. Arnold made his first bout against the university's basketball team and his former school, Wellpinit. Rowdy belonged to the Wellpinit team but eventually he defeated Arnold with his elbow to lose consciousness. In the next game with Wellpinit, the Reardan team triumph, but Arnold made me feel embarrassed. Sherman's part-time absolute real diary The absolute real diary of India by Alexei Sherman Aleksey explains the suffering of American high school students to Spokane in order to adapt to American cultural conditions. Arnold Spirit Jr. is a 14 year old high school freshman who experienced these experiences for himself. His poor career and a different culture made him the main target for the elimination and elimination of peers, and he also had difficulty in booking. I am 14 years old, I have been to 42 f unerals. This is truly the biggest difference between Indians and Caucasians. This novel is a good reading for those who are interested in the reality of cruel reality being reserved by many Indians but it can be very intense and emotional. - Gabe Moltz, grade 2021 Introduction Sherman Aleksey's part-time Indian absolute diary is a novel about Arnold's spirit (underage). The boy who came from SpookaneIndian Reservation decided to go to high school outside the reservation. bright future. - Absolute Real Diary of Perma Red and Part-time Indian In the past semester I read several books on Native American and its culture. The two most interesting books I found were the absolute real diary of the part-time Indian of Perma Red and Sherman Alex by Debra Magpie Earling. In each story, we will meet young people from reservations dealing with their local identity, love, loss and all that is between them.

PROSTITUTION MUST BE LEGALIZED IN THE UNITED STATES Essay - 1

PROSTITUTION MUST BE LEGALIZED IN THE UNITED STATES - Essay Example In order to change the face of the criminal justice system and the prison management system, prostitution should be made legal and it should be highly supervised and regulated. Prostitution has been witnessed in the US society for several years, several rules and regulations have been made to erase every possible element of prostitution but no government regulation or government itself has been able to counter it. Prostitution is not only a part of US, it is even a part of the most conservative and religious nations throughout the world. Utah is one of the states that have very high rate of population, even criminal justice operators and officials seem to believe that prostitution is a very huge business within US. Legalization of prostitution has a very huge history; certain rights were awarded to the prostitutes within Egypt during the era of 18th century. Various nations have allowed prostitution to operate as a legal business, these nations have ensured that even the profession such as prostitution is conducted in a moral way and other immoral activities are not being conducted behind the walls of the brothels available in these nations. Recently, Neva da and Rhode Island, two of the states of the US has accepted this profession as a legal business within the state (Moss 360). Holland has taken an upper hand and has accepted the businesses conducted by brothels as a legal business. Holland accepted prostitution and has levied heavy rules and regulations on this business and this business operates in a moral fashion. One of the reasons due to which prostitution should be legalized is the reason due to which individuals choose the path of prostitution. Prostitutes conduct their business in a pretty secretive manner as the law enforcement agents do not all people of this profession to conduct business openly on the streets. Due to this, the business does not

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Globalization - Essay Example People belonging to a certain culture share the same language and other beliefs and their behaviour is shaped by culture. As such, I think it is important for people in different countries to know the impacts of globalisation on their culture. This subject is very important because it defines the identity of people and it distinguishes them from other groups. Therefore, there is need to preserve indigenous languages and culture for different communities in order to successfully fight the impacts of globalisation. The development of new information and communication such as the internet has contributed to the growth and development of aspects such as the economy. However, the same technology has also contributed to the erosion of other languages given that English is communicated to other marginalized communities and it is now being treated as the first language. This has caused problems to other languages given that they are slowly being eroded by other powerful languages. Language i s passed from generation to generation through the word of mouth and this communication strategy needs to be preserved if we are to preserve our indigenous languages which are being threatened by English in many societies. The erosion of English also entails the erosion of human knowledge as a result of marginalization of other smaller communities. This makes it difficult for such societies to preserve their knowledge which shapes their behaviour (Ostler, 2006). Language is therefore an important element in the fight against the effects of globalisation in different communities. In Haviland, there are two sections that address this issue of globalization as a result of expanding technology. In â€Å"Language and Communication† and â€Å"Global Changes and the Role of Anthropology,† language is seen as a precious resource that can be easily exploited by the dominant and powerful countries such as the English speaking nations as they are bent on imposing their language a s special over other languages (Haviland et al, 2009, p.162). As a result, the rise of globalisation has caused different reactions from other countries which have realised its threats especially to the survival of their own languages. In many countries, the people have realised the importance of their own language which is facing erosion by English which is now communicated to different countries. For instance, in France, there is a growing concern for preserving the French language and this has led the government to launch a campaign to promote the language such as le hamburger and e-mail (Haviland et al, 2009, p. 170). In the United States, the â€Å"English only† campaign amounts to preservation of their interests where many citizens â€Å"seek to shape or transform not only their towns but also†¦the entire country by electing politicians committed to forging a national culture based on what they see as American patriotism, English-only legislation, and traditional Christian values† (Haviland et al, 2009, p. 334).In other countries, language may be seen as the most important way to maintain a sense of national identity. In either event, Haviland’s examination of language in terms of socio-linguistics, which studies the relationship between language and society as well as ethno-linguistics, whi

Captain James Cook Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Captain James Cook - Research Paper Example According to the "Captain James Cook" findings, born in 1728 and killed at the age of 50 during his third voyage to the island of Hawaii, Cook is a symbol of bravery and is a part of the heritage in those countries to which he discovered the ways of contact. He was not the one who intended to rule everywhere he went, either by hook or crook; rather, he left a legacy of wisdom and knowledge. He traveled in the vast Pacific ocean, developing routes for trade and to explore a new world and new people. His mapping was full of skill and exact up to the extent no one of those times could reach. The greatest contribution from him that was never done is that he noticed and recorded the geographical features of the places he visited (Beales 2006). Cook contributed to the world in many ways. He used astrology and its effects on oceans and making of tides for his own purposes of sailing. In the year 1776, he was assigned his first voyage to record the transit of Venus across the Pacific Ocean. He arrived at Tahiti in the year of 1769, where he observed the transitional period of Venus and completed his first task. Then he sailed towards the south to the coast of Australia and used his powerful mapping techniques to draw the coastline of New Zealand prior to his voyage. He was as good in describing the entire voyage and the places as in mapping. Thus, he recorded the culture and skin of the people living in certain areas along with the geographical features of the land. It is from his experience that chronograph is now used worldwide.... Cook definitely exerted extreme influence upon perceiving and understanding the modern world. His contributions towards geography, astronomy, mapping and navigation are a mild stone for explorers of all times. He played his part in discovering all those parts of the world which constitute a total of about one-third of it. His navigation skills were so perfect that even in the 20th century his maps were used as a guidance tool. Also his charts of coastlines were used to understand the geography of the places which can be of extreme help in order to study anthropology of a certain area. Several design and tactics used by the people of other places were introduced to the rest of the world, like tattoos from New Zealand that came into favor after Cook had set foot on the island. Also, it is from his experience that chronograph is now used worldwide as a device for measuring the speed with respect to distance. During his second voyage, he was about to reach the Antarctica from the south, but he has to provide his crew with new supply, therefore, he moved towards Tahiti again. But this journey opened queries regarding the end of the world or more land masses in the Pacific Ocean (James Cook 2011). Indeed, all of his voyages were a great contribution in knowledge of localities. He discovered many small islands; his contribution in calculating the longitude of an area helped a lot to the navigators of all times. It is because he was a good navigator and he measured the distance between two point areas and the lunar distance too, he became able to gather such techniques for finding the longitude. His most promising accomplishment was of circumnavigating the world, which was never done before. On the

Business Process Management in Systems Integration Literature review

Business Process Management in Systems Integration - Literature review Example Actually, business process management is a division of infrastructure management, which is a managerial field aimed at maintaining and enhancing a company’s equipment and fundamental tasks (TechTarget, 2005), (Orbis Software Ltd., 2011) and (KnowledgeHills, 2011). This will discuss some of the important aspects of business process management and its role in system integration. Business Systems Integration Various researches conducted by industry analysts revealed that companies are investing 20% to 30% of their IT budget in integrating systems and applications, while they would need to suppose that the systems they spend in are interoperable. However, the circumstances are hard to defend and customers are trying to clarifying this point to their business and systems integration partners. On the other hand, with the passage of time, the process of systems integration is becoming more and more difficult. Additionally, the client’s integration developments at the present t urn into the value chain, which result in n-factorial positions of integration between applications owned by various corporations. Moreover, majority of businesses at the present do not depend completely on a single application image, for instance ERP. In this scenario, the integration projects expand over legacy systems, already available ERP and new purchases (Smith, 2002). Types of BPM At the present, there exist 3 different kinds of BPM frameworks marketplace. In this scenario, first one is horizontal frameworks, which focuses on design and development of business procedures and normally pay more attention on technology and reuse. Second type is vertical BPM arrangements, which focus on a precise group of synchronized jobs as well as include pre-built templates that could be configured and organized according to business needs and requirements. Lastly, the full-service BPM arrangements encompass five fundamental components that are outlined below: (TechTarget, 2005), (Businessba lls, 2009) and (Owen & Raj, 2011) Process discovery and project scoping Process modeling and design Business rules engine Workflow engine Simulation and testing Furthermore, more and more businesses are now adopting on-premise business process management (BPM) as a standard, since progresses in cloud computing have directed to augmented interest in on-demand, software as a service (SaaS) based capabilities and services (TechTarget, 2005). Business process management in Systems integration Enterprise System Integration (ESI) is the standard long-lasting development, merger and incorporation of a lot of advanced computing science, enterprise-wide management and networking fields comprising enterprise application integration, electronic business process management, self-defining meta-data repository, (information sharing and disambiguation), enterprise architecture, etc. In addition, enterprise system integration identifies and helps get rid of following main factors that are outlined below: (Hartweg, 2007) Unnecessary redundancy Duplication of effort Reinventing the wheel Moreover, it also helps reduce the mismatched and unrelated enterprise elements all through the isolated compartmentalized departments that are short of coordination of procedures or systems, through independent development and maintenance budgets (Hartweg, 2007). Use of Process Automation Sometimes processes are considered as a new development model that can eventually move the object

Project Outline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Outline - Assignment Example rorists and other extremists groups can take advantage of this huge traffic at the ports to smuggle devices and other weapons that they can use to disrupt the peace and economic development of the country. The abstract also explains the need for security in the U.S. Seaports. Introduces the major concept and points in the paper, and states the thesis. Shows how the United States is one of the countries with the largest coastlines across the entire globe and provides a number or sea ports and sea shores to use in both transport activities, especially the exports and imports trade, whereby the country brings in new products from other countries while exporting its own products to different other countries. The introduction also illustrates how avenue of transport creates congestion at the seaports, offering possibility of security lapses for terrorist. It describes the Seaport industry in the United States. It illustrates how seaports act as entry and exit points for goods from the U.S, as well as into the U.S. The section also shows how these seaports are America’s gateways to the global trade because they facilitate both domestic and international trade, thereby connecting the United States to the rest of the world. It also describes seaports in the U.S. and the locations. It examines seaports as possible insecurity gateways leading to terror attacks. It demonstrates the mechanisms of enhancing security at the ports. These include security checks and frisks to ensure that only the allowed goods and services pass through the ports, and keep out illegal or banned products from entering or leaving the country. Measures also include checking for radioactive emissions or charges found in containers or luggage carried by passengers who use these ports. This is done to limit terrorist attempts and suicide bombers. The government set rules and regulations to govern the maritime operations are also discussed including programs such as CSI and CBP. This part

Captain James Cook Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Captain James Cook - Research Paper Example According to the "Captain James Cook" findings, born in 1728 and killed at the age of 50 during his third voyage to the island of Hawaii, Cook is a symbol of bravery and is a part of the heritage in those countries to which he discovered the ways of contact. He was not the one who intended to rule everywhere he went, either by hook or crook; rather, he left a legacy of wisdom and knowledge. He traveled in the vast Pacific ocean, developing routes for trade and to explore a new world and new people. His mapping was full of skill and exact up to the extent no one of those times could reach. The greatest contribution from him that was never done is that he noticed and recorded the geographical features of the places he visited (Beales 2006). Cook contributed to the world in many ways. He used astrology and its effects on oceans and making of tides for his own purposes of sailing. In the year 1776, he was assigned his first voyage to record the transit of Venus across the Pacific Ocean. He arrived at Tahiti in the year of 1769, where he observed the transitional period of Venus and completed his first task. Then he sailed towards the south to the coast of Australia and used his powerful mapping techniques to draw the coastline of New Zealand prior to his voyage. He was as good in describing the entire voyage and the places as in mapping. Thus, he recorded the culture and skin of the people living in certain areas along with the geographical features of the land. It is from his experience that chronograph is now used worldwide.... Cook definitely exerted extreme influence upon perceiving and understanding the modern world. His contributions towards geography, astronomy, mapping and navigation are a mild stone for explorers of all times. He played his part in discovering all those parts of the world which constitute a total of about one-third of it. His navigation skills were so perfect that even in the 20th century his maps were used as a guidance tool. Also his charts of coastlines were used to understand the geography of the places which can be of extreme help in order to study anthropology of a certain area. Several design and tactics used by the people of other places were introduced to the rest of the world, like tattoos from New Zealand that came into favor after Cook had set foot on the island. Also, it is from his experience that chronograph is now used worldwide as a device for measuring the speed with respect to distance. During his second voyage, he was about to reach the Antarctica from the south, but he has to provide his crew with new supply, therefore, he moved towards Tahiti again. But this journey opened queries regarding the end of the world or more land masses in the Pacific Ocean (James Cook 2011). Indeed, all of his voyages were a great contribution in knowledge of localities. He discovered many small islands; his contribution in calculating the longitude of an area helped a lot to the navigators of all times. It is because he was a good navigator and he measured the distance between two point areas and the lunar distance too, he became able to gather such techniques for finding the longitude. His most promising accomplishment was of circumnavigating the world, which was never done before. On the

Project Outline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Outline - Assignment Example rorists and other extremists groups can take advantage of this huge traffic at the ports to smuggle devices and other weapons that they can use to disrupt the peace and economic development of the country. The abstract also explains the need for security in the U.S. Seaports. Introduces the major concept and points in the paper, and states the thesis. Shows how the United States is one of the countries with the largest coastlines across the entire globe and provides a number or sea ports and sea shores to use in both transport activities, especially the exports and imports trade, whereby the country brings in new products from other countries while exporting its own products to different other countries. The introduction also illustrates how avenue of transport creates congestion at the seaports, offering possibility of security lapses for terrorist. It describes the Seaport industry in the United States. It illustrates how seaports act as entry and exit points for goods from the U.S, as well as into the U.S. The section also shows how these seaports are America’s gateways to the global trade because they facilitate both domestic and international trade, thereby connecting the United States to the rest of the world. It also describes seaports in the U.S. and the locations. It examines seaports as possible insecurity gateways leading to terror attacks. It demonstrates the mechanisms of enhancing security at the ports. These include security checks and frisks to ensure that only the allowed goods and services pass through the ports, and keep out illegal or banned products from entering or leaving the country. Measures also include checking for radioactive emissions or charges found in containers or luggage carried by passengers who use these ports. This is done to limit terrorist attempts and suicide bombers. The government set rules and regulations to govern the maritime operations are also discussed including programs such as CSI and CBP. This part

The tension rises and falls Essay Example for Free

The tension rises and falls Essay The Italian-American Carbone Family live in a poor and humble area, just over Brooklyn Bridge from Manhattan. Although American the Carbones still have their Italian values and live a Conservative Italian lifestyle. This play is in part about family values, and how two different cultures clash when Catherine and Rodolfo fall in love. But on a more perspective view, it is also about a tragic hero Eddie Carbone and his love for his step-daughter Catherine. This LOVE is not a father to daughter love but a husband to wife love, a love that is not meant to be there. A love to powerful for Eddie to give up. Eddie, the main character of this play is a longshoreman from a conservative background in Sicily. He lives with his wife Beatrice and their step-daughter Catherine. Where he came from there are very firm social and moral issues. The scene that I am going to study is when the Carbone family and their to guests from Sicily have just eaten their evening meal and are having a pleasant conversation at first, but underlying tensions soon begin to build up. The beginning of the scene originally suggests a happy family atmosphere, though we wonder if Eddie is over-protective of Catherine. But recently Beatrices cousins are coming to stay illegally in America over from Sicily. The two cousins arrive, Marco and Rodolfo. Marco simply speaks of the poverty back home and Rodolfo not a typical Italian by his appearance or personality talks about how he can sing and plans to buy a motorbike. Rodolfos singing of Paper Dolls delights Catherine, who obviously is attracted to him. But soon this relationship develops, much to the distress of Eddie who himself is in love with Catherine. He can not express or admit his love as keeps them repressed. The scene starts with a nice after dinner conversation but tension is beginning to build up. The argument starts when Eddie raises the point about submarines, slang name for illegal immigrants. I betcha theres plenty of surprises when those guys get back there, heh? He said this to provoke Rodolfo because he knows that Catherine has her eye on him and to bring up the issues of American values and how wearing a shawl doesnt mean that a girl is strict. But to Eddies disapproval the comment failed to offend Rodolfo.

Nursing Information Systems Survey

Nursing Information Systems Survey Study of Nursing Information Systems (NIS) in teaching hospital of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Leila Erfannial Msc1,Yousef Mehdipour PhD 1,Afsaneh Karimi Msc 1,Ayeshe Zarei Bs 1,Nahid Mehrabi Msc 2 ABSTRACT Purpose: Nurses are one of the biggest providers in health industry that effect directly on health service quality and outcomes. Nurses need correct information in correct time to have an effective service for patient and other member of health society. Nursing information system (NIS) is subsystem of hospital information system that can help nurse to have better performances. The main goal of this study is evaluation of nursing information system in teaching hospital of Zahedan according standard criteria. Materials and Methods: This research is based on a descriptive – cross sectional study that has done on 2013.Nursing information system of 4 teaching hospital in Zahedan were evaluated. For data gathering, we use a checklist that its reliability and validity was verified. Results: According our result, NIS of our study has met 42.19% of priority in general scopes, 72.33% for nursing data set, none of them had classification system standards. They had 45% of nursing data register priorities and 61.12% of report requirement was met. Conclusion: According our system weakness in general aspects, data register and data classification, we propose educational package such as workshops, classes and bulletin for nurses in hospitals toward optimal using of NIS. In other hand , provide nurses with enough hardware requirements , management supervision on using system , provide NIS systems by nursing classification standards and contribution of nurses in selection and implementation of this system is suggested. Keywords: nursing information system; hospital information system; nurse INTRODUCTION There is an increasing growth in information production in different sciences and theqnics, so the management of these volumes of information is very difficult. Information technology is a useful tool for management and useful application of this information. Health industry has faced with increasing rate of information generation that are multiple and complicated in nature1. So health information technology can help this high-demanded industry to manage information. Health information systems are some kinds of tools that integrate and communicate patient data and information and also can process the data and make some new information2. Nurses are one of the biggest providers in health industry that effect directly on health service quality and outcomes. Nurses need correct information in correct time to have an effective service for patient and other member of health society3. Nursing information system (NIS) are subsystem of hospital information system that can help nurse to have better performances, more nursing knowledge and make available data and information for nurses to have a role in health policy making and also decision making around health society and patients4. Furthermore, NIS can participate in hospital information process so lead to a better communication between health care team in hospital 5 . Margaretconclude that using NIS in hospital has a positive effect on information quality that provide by nurses6 .Ammenwerth state that NIS lead to better and more complete documentation of patient information and also better quality of information process5 .Toolabi in her study conclude that optimization of hospital information system would lead to a significant progress in nursing care average and better communication between nurses , patient and health care team and consequently patient more truth to health system ,health services and nurses, more patient family satisfaction and at the end , decrease patient claims7. Zahedan, the capital city of a province in southeast of Iran uses hospital information system in teaching hospital. Nursing information system is one this system module that use in these hospitals. So the basic objective of this study is to evaluate Nursing information system according standard indexes in four sections: general specification of systems, nursing data set , nursing nomenclature and classification specification , documentation registration and reporting specification of systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research is based on a descriptive – cross sectional study that has done on 2013.nursing information system of 4 teaching hospital in Zahedan were evaluated. For data gathering, we use a checklist that its reliability and validity was verified. Checklist has 5 section at whole: section 1 has some questions about the system, vendor and some general information about NIS module, section 2 was about general specification of nursing information system. The questions has two answers yes or no.this section involve 23 question about patient care process,11 about ward management process, 10 about communication process and 1 question research and education process.in section 3 , we have some questions about nursing data set that involve 5 question about nursing care data specification, 15 about patient data specification and 14 about service providing data specifications. Section 4 has some question about nursing nomenclature and classification data specification with 25 questions and in section 5 nursing data, registration and reporting requirements were evaluated by 6 questions about personnelreport, 14 questions about clinical report and 3 about financial report. The researchers attended in hospitals and by deep interviewing and also direct observation of systems, gather information and register in checklists. Supervisor of hospital, health information technologist and some professional nurse who uses NIS and familiar with the potential of system was interviewed; furthermore, during interview the researchers can observe the NIS and its functions. After gathering information, we use descriptive statistics to analysis our data by using Excel 2010 tables. RESULTS According our study, general specification of our NIS was evaluated in 5 aspects and 4 hospitals.(table 1) At whole, the frequency of patient care process data specification was 44/56%, ward management data specification was 31.81%, communication process data specification 47.5% and education and research data specification was 50% in our society research. Nursing data set was evaluated in 4 aspects in 4 hospitals: nursing care data set , patient data set, service data set (table 2) According our study , nursing care data set specification was 40% , patient data set specification was 71.66% and service data set specification was 84%. None of our NIS , has nursing classification standards specification data. Data registration and reporting specification data was evaluated in 4 aspects.(table 3) DISCUSSION Information technology making a great service for nurses to perform their tasks8. According our result, by using NIS in all hospital, nurses can receive patient demographic data from admission,discharge,and transmission (ADT) system of hospitals and also can register of different request such as laboratory tests, radiology and pharmacy services. And also they can observe laboratory and radiology results. But none of NIS support nursing evidence based and alert variances from normal patterns. According Ammenwerthstudy, after using information systems, nurses report more quickly patient data documentation, better information monitoring and progress in patient information legibility5. Kossman state that electronic health record implementation in hospital lead to decrease inter-department communication and promote critical thinking between nurses9. Making electronic communication between different parts of hospital is one of the most important capabilities of hospital information systems. According our study, by using nursing information system, in all hospital, nurses can schedule the admission of patients in their wards. Nurses in hospitals can access to information in every place of hospital. In hospital Cand D , nurses can transmit all information by NIS when changing their shifts. According Hinsonstudy , using NIS would lead to the time increasethat nurses spend on patient direct care (10.66%) ,verbal communication 19.33% decrease and mean time for reviewing data 8.9% increase10. Standard NIS needs nursing concepts standards and nursing data standards3. Without unified nursing language , internal data integration and external connection of information would disappear when information are shared and also there would be some problem for clinical decision support.in other hand , nursing information are unstructured generally , so if we don’t use a standard unified language , the retrieval of information would be difficult11. Result of our study show that, none of NIS in Zahedan hospital use standard nursing classification. This issue is very similar to Ahmadi research, they suggest standard nursing classification system for standardization of nursing data and concept to facilities retrieval of information that register in nursing information system12. All NIS in our study, register patient demographic data , nursing diagnostic data and data about service provided by nurses can record ECG data.in hospital C and D , patient vital signs and input-output liquid balance data , can enter to the terminal near patient bed. Anderson state that a standard nursing data set should involve nursing diagnostic data , nursing intervention , nursing outcome and intensity of nursing services and declare , by using such standard data set , management of nursing service cost , supporting of resources that allocated to the nurses , nursing knowledge developed and at the end nursing nursing profession would be promoted13. Making different reports is one of basic management capability of nursing information system that can provide valuable information about personnel productivity, budget management and nursing workload management in different shifts14. In hospital A,B and D , NIS making schedule for personnelshifts. All NIS , can make clinical reports such as laboratory and pathology report and reports about admitted or discharged patients. In Ahmadi study, reporting specification data was met 20.4%,63.5% and 85.2% in personnel , clinical and financial reports4. CONCLUSION Nurses have a great role in health care systems so documentation of their services would be very easy by using nursing information system.so if we want to implement an effective NIS , at first , we should implement a powerful HIS as an infrastructure for any hospital ward subsystem. Nurses are the biggest group of NIS users , so nurses computer literature promotion , has an important role in success and acceptance of NIS. So educational workshop and classes for nurses in hospital would be helpful to make better utilization of nursing information system also increasing inter-hospital communication between nurses and health information technologist would have a helpful tool for transmitting professional knowledge between these groups. Using nurse’s knowledge and skills in all phase electronic system development and implementation and courage electronic health systems developer to use this knowledge in their production is an essential item for successfulness of NIS and systems li ke that. Since we don’t have any national nursing standard classification and nomenclature , prepare , provide an standard unified system according national requirements is another important factor for implementation and usage of NIS and at whole , establishment some professional workshop that has different different profession such as nursing , health information technology , policy making and so on , to start and monitored special effort about nursing information system requirement , development and implementation is very important. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to nurses and health information technologist of educational hospital affiliated to Zahedan University of medical sciences who kindly participated in this study. REFERENCES 1.Bitaraf E, Riazy G. comprehensive hospital information system. iranian ministry of health,care and education 2006. 2.Yoder-wise PS. Leading and Managing in Nursing. second ed: St. Louis: Mosby; 1999. 3.Organization PAH, Organization WH. BuildingStandard-BasedNursing Information Systems. Washington: PAHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data; 2000. 4.Ahmadi M, Habibi Koolaee M. Nursing Information Systems in Iran. HAKIM. 2010 5.Ammenwerth E, Rauchegger F, Ehlers F, Hirsch B, Schaubmayr C. Effect of a nursing information system on the quality of information processing in nursing: An evaluation study using the HIS-monitor instrument. International journal of medical informatics. 2011;80(1):25-38. 6.Verkerke M. Information Quality of a Nursing Information Systemdepends on the nurses: A combined quantitative andqualitative evaluation. international journal of medical informatics 2012;81:662–73. 7.Toolabi T, Vanaki Z, Memarian, improving hospital information system in cardial care unit, yafteh. 2012;14(5):83-92 8.Sadeghi R. Informatics applying in nursing; education, research and care. Iranian Quarterly of Education Strategies. 2012;5(3):199-206 9.Kossman SP. Perceptions of impact of electronic healthrecords on nurses’ work. healthtechnology information. 2006;122:337-41. 10.Hinson DK, Huether SE, Blaufuss JA, Neiswanger M, Tinker A, Meyer KJ, et al., editors. Measuring the impact of a clinical nursing information system on one nursing unit. Proceedings of the Annual Symposium onComputer Application in Medical Care; 1993: American Medical Informatics Association. 11.BowlesKH. the barriers and benefits of nursing information system. computer in nursing. 1997;15(4):191-6. 12.Ahmadi M, Rafiee F, Hosseini F, Habibi kolaee M. information and structure requirements for nursing data classification in computerized systems. hayat. 2011;17(1):16-23 13.Anderson B, Hannah KJ. A Canadian nursing minimum data set: a major priority. Canadian journal of nursing administration. 1992;6(2):7-13. 14.Sadoughi F, Ghazisaeid M, Mehraji M, Kimiafar Kh. health information management technology. first edition ed. Tehran: Jafari; 2011. Table1.frequency percentage of NIS general data specification in different hospital D C B A 17/52% 95/86% 73/21% 39/17% Patient care process 63/63% 36/36% 09/9% 18/18% Ward management process 50% 90% 30% 20% Communication process 100% 100% 0 0 Education and research process Table2.frequency percentage of nursing data set in different hospital. D C B A 60% 100% 0 0 Nursing care data set 60% 33/93% 60% 33/73% Patient data set 85/92% 57/78% 57/78% 71/85% Provided services data set Table3.frequency percentage of reporting data specification in different hospital. D C B A 33/33% 0 100% 33/83% Personnel report 71/85% 28/64% 28/64% 71/35% Clinical report 0 100% 100% 0 Financial report

The Call Of The Wild :: essays research papers

The Call of the Wild Affection- The Call of the Wild is a book that gets you emotionally involved by getting you attached to Jon’s dog and their connection. From the beginning you can tell that Buck (Jon’s dog) takes a liking to Jon. He started out as a mean spirited dog but softens when he gets to know Jon. If you like touching stories, this book is just that. Bandwagon- If â€Å"everyone† does something, then most people want to join in. That’s exactly what Jon did in this book. He heard about all of the people traveling north to the Klondike for gold and he wanted to do the same. Many people follow the â€Å"pack† and can relate to this story. Authority- If someone of power or authority does something, it is easier to follow, just like how the Mayor of the town Jon was from went to the Klondike. That helped Jon make his decision about going also. Value Judgment- Family values are important to a lot of people. Charlie, an Indian guide that Jon became friends with, had a family and left them to go with the others to the Klondike. He realized during the trip that he needed to go back to them because he was abandoning them. He left Jon and went back. He later returned with his family. That proves that he was a man that had good values and cared about his family. Acquisitive instinct- Most of the people that went to the Klondike went to find gold, because they wanted more than they already had. Lots of us do that same thing. We always seem to want more than we already have. So we can relate to the book in that way. Even if it is not right to always want more we can see where they are coming from. Plain Folks- When books are about average people, we usually like to read about that more because it seems like more of a real life situation. Jon’s family was average and he was a normal guy. He just wanted something new in his life so he went North, just like a lot of the other people. Neglected aspect- Most of the people that went North went for a selfish purpose.

New Zealand Early Childhood Curriculum Essay -- Education, elementary

Fleer claims â€Å"there are many theoretical voices within Te WhÄ riki,† the New Zealand Early Childhood Curriculum document (Nuttall, 2003, p.254). However two are predominant and stand symbiotically on the pages and in the intent of the curriculum. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological, system’s theory, which emphasises how the quality and setting of the child’s environment influences the child (Ministry of Education, 1996; Paquette, & Ryan, 2001) and Vygotsky’s ‘sociocultural theory,’ which describes learning as a social process originating in society or culture and passed through generations (UNESCO, 2004). Discussed within this essay will be a review of these theoretical perspectives illustrating their explanations for how each influences the child, how the child learns, how development is explained, and how these theories are reflected within Te WhÄ riki. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological, system’s theory describes how the child and their immediate surroundings are in an innermost layer surrounded, embedded and influenced by layers from the larger environment all impacting upon the child (Ministry of Education, 1996; Paquette, & Ryan, 2001). Of particular interest are the effects to the child of two way relationships towards and away from the child, as defined by Bronfenbrenner as bi-directional influences, these are particularly influential in the child’s inner layer. For instance: the impact to the child of attentive or non-attentive parents affects how the child reacts to a given situation, which in turn affects how the parent behaves. Notwithstanding, the impact of bi-directional influences on the child’s world continues into the outer layers, as in the example of a parent’s workplace demanding more input into the workplace, which means... ... social aspects have a huge influence on these surroundings. This is demonstrated when whÄ nau are involved and supportive in a child’s life, sharing the family’s and their culture’s funds of knowledge, resulting in the positive effect to the child’s environment which will have vast social and educational impacts by ensuring connections are made to children’s lives and experiences. Adding to this is the socio-cultural philosophy of peer tutoring and where knowledge is actively constructed through modelling and scaffolding, with teachers facilitating the learning process. While through the building of relationships between the family and the centre, Te WhÄ riki advocates the importance of the involvement of whÄ nau and family, which encourages a learning community which has interchangeable reciprocal advantages in a safe, positive, fun, caring, learning environment.

APA Essay Format †Most Commonly Used Citations

APA Essay Format – Most Commonly Used Citations Full APA Referencing and Formatting Guide for College StudentsWhat is APA Referencing Style using APA Essay Format?The APA referencing style refers to the American Psychological Association format that is used in colleges and universities around the worlds for writing essays, dissertations, and coursework. It is more common college writing formats in nursing colleges, business-related, or social sciences courses. The latest guide of APA essay format is the 6th edition, and has strict rules on citing a research paper sources, formatting reference lists, and creating chapters, sub chapters, and figures. Below, you will learn how to format your APA essay format using 6th edition and list your sources.General Rules of APA 6th StyleThe main parts of your APA paper are: Title page Abstract (if required) Body of the essay References List of figures (if required) List of tables (of required) Appendices (if required)Title Page in APA Referencing StyleIn APA style, you will need to include a title page that includes the following APA headings section: Title of the paper The author’s name Institution On the title page, you will need to format your header differently than the rest of the paper as follows: â€Å"Running head: TITLE OF YOUR PAPER† on the top right corner of the page. On the rest of the paper, you will only have to include the title, without the â€Å"Running head†.For additional details, you can review a title page template right here:What is an abstract page and how to write good Abstract APAAPA Essay FormatThe abstract of your essay needs to include the page header, and the keywords along with a short synopsis of the essay, in 150-250 words.How to Format Your APA Paper – Essay BodyThe main body of the APA paper has to include headings to correctly format the content. Level 1 headings are centred, bold, and title case. Level 2 headings are aligned left and bold. Level 3 headings are bold, indented, and lowercase, with a full stop at the end. Indent all new paragraphs when introducing a new idea. Do not add extra space between paragraphs.References: APA Bibliography FormatYou always have to include your references in your APA style paper. The general rules of referencing are as follows: Reference all authors consulted writing the paper. List your sources in an alphabetical order Use the following format:APA in text Citation – Referencing StyleGeneral APA referencing rules Provide the page number for all direct quotes, and use quotation marks If direct quotations are longer than 40 words, use a ? inch indentation for the entire quote If you are paraphrasing a statement made by an author, always include the page number. If there are no page numbers as you are citing a website, use the paragraph number instead in the following format: â€Å"para. 1†. Citing more than one source If you would like ot know how to cite more than one source in a sentence apa then remember that you shoudl list all the sources separated by â€Å";†. Referencing work with one author When referencing a work with one author, you simply use their surname. For two authors, connect the two names with a â€Å"&† sign. Referencing multiple authors When mentioning the work of three to five authors, mention all of their surnames the first time, and only write the first author’s name when you mention the same work again, followed by the â€Å"et al.† abbreviation. Make sure that you do not put a period after the â€Å"et†. For six or more authors, always use â€Å"et al.† after the first author’s name from the first instance. Referencing an unkown author When referencing a work from an unknown author, use the title of the paper instead. If the paper is written by an author identified as â€Å"Anonymous†, use this instead of the surname. Referecning personal communication If you are referring to personal communication, reference it with the name, followed by â€Å"personal communication†, and the exact date.Reference Page APA 6th Referencing GuideWhen writing your reference page, make sure you keep an alphabetical order based on the last name of the authors. If you quote multiple sources from the same author, list the references in chronological order. The name of the authors in APA 6th referencing is inverted, therefore, you list the surname first, and the first name second. Use a hanging indentation for each reference, with no indent on the first line and indentation for the following lines that belong to the same source. See an some APA citation examples and reference list below:Listing Special SourcesMotion Pictures APA Referencing List the name of the directors and producers followed by â€Å"(director)† and â€Å"(producer)†, followed by the production date. the title of the movie in Italics, and the location of the file, DVD, online resource, or tape. Music Recordings APA Citation Use the songwriter’s and the singer’s name followed by the year and title, format, and location of the recording. If the recording has a publisher, list this, as well as the city where the music was publisted, Online Periodicals APA Essay format Use the same APA Essay format for listing the source as normal journal articles, however, if there is a DOI assigned, this is required in the reference. If there is no DOI, you must list the url where the article is available, after adding â€Å"Retrieved from†.Word of Caution when Using APA Bibliography FormatWhen citing longer works, such as journals or books, use italics for the title. Do not use quotes for titles, or italicise the title of shorter works. Never abbreviate the name of the journal: always list it as full, with title case. In APA Essay Format 6th edition, not all online journal articles need a URL address, and if you can locate the DOI number, you need to use this instead. Make sure that when you list unpublished manuscripts, you state this in your APA reference list. Check the special requirements for each paper before starting to write your APA paper.Where to Get More Help on How to Write an APA essay?There are so many resources on the web that goes into a lot of detail about APA format. We feel that students struggle the most with time or in the case of dissertation writing, they struggle with coming up with Dissertation Topics. From that point onwards, students can either manage OR for more precise help they can reach out to one of our site qualified writers. Just to give you an example Owl at purdue and their writing lab has done a lot of work to provide good resources. You can check it out by reviewing Owl at Purdue link provided here. In some cases, APA referencing and formatting can be challenging for students, and they come across sources they are not sure how to reference. While Cite This for Me is a good tool, it does not include all types of APA references. our site has several qualified and experienced academic writers, researchers, and guides who are happy to answer your questions. Submit your query on the our site website and get help with APA referencing and formatting. Our friendly writers and support staff are happy to assist you. Related Articles – https://our site.com/journal/2013/03/how-to-use-references-in-your-essays/Do you need help writing your Dissertation? Order Dissertation Today OR Call Now 855-997-2158Summary Article Name APA Essay Format Description Learn how to use APA style to reference using most commonly used sources. Author Laura our site Admin Publisher Name our site Publisher Logo

Hospitalized Chronic Schizophrenia Patients Health And Social Care Essay

The present survey was designed to measure the consequence of gestalt therapy on self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder. The research design is of import measure in research, as it is closely related to the overall model for carry oning survey. This chapter deals with the description of the research attack, design, puting, population, standards for sample choice, sample and sampling technique, development and description of tool, process for informations aggregation and program for informations analysis.3.1. RESEARCH APPROACHThe research worker has adopted quantitative research attack in this survey to analyse the impact of Gestalt therapy on self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder. This attack is a systematic procedure that involves the measuring of the input, procedure and the end product.3.2. RESEARCH DESIGNThe research design adopted in the present survey was Quasi experimental pre trial and station trial with control group design. Sel f consciousness was assessed among the patients with schizophrenic disorder before and after Gestalt therapy. Gestalt therapy was administered as an intercession to heighten the ego consciousness of the patients with schizophrenic disorder.FIG 2. SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF RESEARCH DESIGNQuantitative ApproachQuasi experimental pre trial and station trial with control group designTarget Population – Patients with schizophrenic disorderAccessible Population – Patients with schizophrenia hospitalized at krishna nursing placeSample size 16Tool: Situational Self consciousness graduated tableExperimental group ( N=8 )Hospitalized chronic Schizophrenia patientsControl group ( N=8 )Hospitalized chronic Schizophrenia patientsReceiving Routine nursing attention and Gestalt therapyReceiving Routine nursing attention merelyAppraisal of ego consciousness after intercessionDatas analysisFindingssReport/ thesis3.3. SettingThe survey was conducted in Krishna Nursing place, Coimbatore . It is a 28 bedded nursing place and de-addiction Centre.3.4. PopulationThe mark population for the present survey was patients with chronic schizophrenic disorder. The accessible population for the present survey was patients with schizophrenia hospitalized at Krishna nursing place.3.5. CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTIONThe samples were taken based on the undermentioned standards. Inclusion standards: Hospitalized patients with chronic Schizophrenia. Schizophrenic patients under the age group of 20-55. Schizophrenic patients with low ego consciousness Schizophrenic Patients who are willing to take part in the survey. Exclusion standards: Schizophrenia with any other physical or mental unwellness. Schizophrenic patients in acute stage. Schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms.3.6. SamplingPurposive sampling technique was used for sample choice. During the informations aggregation period 16 patients were admitted in Krishna Nursing Home. A sample of 16 patients with schizophrenic disorder were recruited in the survey.3.7. VARIABLES OF THE STUDYDemographic VariablesAge, Gender, Education, Marital position, Occupation, Monthly income, Place of abode, Family History of mental unwellness and Duration of mental unwellnessMugwumpVariableGestalt therapyDependant VariableDegree of Self consciousness3.8. MaterialThe tool consist of 3 subdivisions Section 1 Demographic Variables Section2 Situational ego consciousness graduated table ( Govern & A ; Marsh, 2001 ) Section3 Gestalt Therapy3.8.1. Section 1Demographic Variables: This is a self-administered tool which consist of personal information of the patients like age, gender, instruction, matrimonial position, occupational position, monthly household income, topographic point of abode, type of household, household history of mental unwellness and continuance of mental unwellness.3.8.2. Section 2Situational Self Awareness Scale ( Govern and Marsh 2001 ) : Govern and Marsh was developed in 2001 to quantify degrees of Public and Private Self consciousness. It consists of 9 statements related to overall feelings of Self consciousness. The points were answered on a 5-point likert graduated table denoting merely positive worded statements runing from strongly differ to strongly hold. Components 1, 5, 9 denotes Surrounding factor. Components 2, 6, 8 denotes Private factor. Components 3, 4, 7 denotes Public factor. The Mark ranges from 9-45 in order to construe the degree of ego consciousness. Reliability & A ; Validity: The dependability of the tool is measured utilizing the exploratory and collateral factor analysis and other statistical methods yielded consequences reveals correlation coefficient 0.7 bespeaking first-class stableness. The internal consistence of the three subscales is good ( Cronbach ‘s alpha = 0.82 for public factor, 0.72 for private factor and 0.72 for environing factor ) while the test-retest correlativity is 0.78 for public factor and 0.58 for private factor.A The tool has equal content cogency and concepts cogency. Administration: Initially the research worker maintained good resonance with the patients. The research worker obtained informed consent to affect the patients in the survey. The Situational ego consciousness graduated table was administered to the schizophrenic patients separately. This is a ego describing graduated table in which the participants were asked to click the options in each point as they feel. Scoring This graduated table is standardized, which consists of 5 likert type inquiries that measure the Self consciousness of patients with schizophrenic disorder. The responses of the 9 points are ranged from ( Strongly Disagree = 1, Slightly Disagree = 2, Neutral = 3, somewhat agree = 4 and strongly agree= 5 ) . The maximal mark in the tool is 45. Interpretation & lt ; 22 Low ego consciousness. 22-33 Normal 34-45 High ego consciousness.3.8.3. Section 3GESTALT THERAPYGestalt therapy was developed in 1940 by Frederick and Laura Perls in the fortiess. Gestalt therapy is a humanistic therapy where the research worker makes the patients to follow Gestalt therapy techniques which enhance the ego consciousness of patients with schizophrenic disorder. It tends to reflect a more experiential or subjective attack in bettering the ego consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder.Prerequisites OF GESTALT THERAPYThe undermentioned stairss should be taken by the research worker before disposal of Gestalt therapy. Explain the demand for the therapy to the patient and its utility. Explain the process to the patient. Get informed consent. Make a good resonance with the patient. Provide client a composure and quiet environment with good airing. Arrange 2 chairs to execute gestalt therapy techniques.GESTALT THERAPY TECHNIQUES:EMPTY CHAIR TECHNIQUE – The Chair in which the patient sits is a hot place and the chair is present in forepart of the patient is an empty chair. Patient is asked about his or her likes and disfavors towards his /her household members or relations. Patient imagines that the peculiar individual is sitting in that empty chair. Patient is asked to speak to that individual in forepart of the healer. This will better the emotional bonding and conflict declaration among the household members. Therefore, self consciousness is improved when the patient negotiations in such a fanciful manner to other individual. GUIDED FANTASY – Patient will be asked to conceive of a old event or topographic point already exposed in a systematic mode with the aid of the healer and imaginativeness is performed by the patient in a realistic mode. Devising ROUNDS WITH PATIENT- Patient will speak and mix with all Psychiatric patients in the infirmary premises. This attack will give consciousness towards the environment. REHEARSAL EXERCISE – It involves behavioral dry run where the patient function plays a new behavior that they have learned with a individual or people in their environment. This is done to cut down phase fear and anxiousness that may be felt if they feel they are non executing their new behavior right. This encourages spontaneousness and a willingness to larn and execute a new behavior.3.9. HypothesisH01: There is no important difference in the degree of self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder in experimental and control group before gestalt therapy. H11: There is a important difference in the degree of self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder in experimental group before and after gestalt therapy. H02: There is no important difference in the degree of self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder in control group before and after everyday nursing attention. H12: There is a important difference in degree of self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder in experimental group after gestalt therapy and control group after everyday nursing attention. H13: There is a important difference between the before intercession and after intercession mark in environing factor of self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder. H14: There is a important difference between the before intercession and after intercession mark in public factor of self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder. H15: There is a important difference between the before intercession and after intercession mark in private factor of self consciousness among patients with schizophrenic disorder.3.10. PILOT STUDYBefore the chief survey, pilot survey was conducted to look into the feasibleness, practicableness, dependability, and cogency. The survey was conducted in Krishna Nursing Home, Coimbatore. The eligible samples were recruited for pilot survey and the sample size was 5. The degree of ego consciousness was assessed among patients with schizophrenic disorder before intercession. Gestalt therapy was administered to patients with schizophrenic disorder. Gestalt Therapy was given for continuance of 40 proceedingss to five schizophrenic patients for back-to-back 10 yearss. Post trial was conducted the undermentioned twenty-four hours to measure the ego consciousness of patients with schizophrenic disorder after administrating gestalt therapy. Data analysis was done utilizing descriptive and illati ve statistics. Consequences showed that Gestalt therapy enhanced the degree of ego consciousness. Hence, the survey was operable and executable.3.11. MAIN STUDYThe chief survey was conducted for a period of 30 yearss. During the period of informations aggregation, 16 samples were drawn purposively. The research worker developed resonance with the participants and explained the importance and benefits of the intercession. Followed by this, consent was obtained. Initially, all patients with schizophrenic disorder were administered situational ego consciousness graduated table. The degree of ego consciousness was identified as low. Following this, gestalt therapy was administered to the patients with schizophrenic disorder separately for 40 proceedingss for each session with a sum of 4 Sessionss for each patient as one session per hebdomad. After 30 yearss a station trial was conducted to measure the ego consciousness of the patients with schizophrenic disorder.3.12. TECHNIQUES OF DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONAppropriate statistical tool such as descriptive and illative statistics were applied to analyse the information.

Breastfeeding vs. Bottle Feeding

There are few experts who oppose breastfeeding as the best choice for infants. However, lowering breastfeeding rates raises many questions about why mothers choose the best nutritional choice for their children. Breast milk is an obvious choice for infant lactation due to its health, psychological and economic benefits, but many mothers are still in infants because of lack of knowledge and support, breastfeeding difficulties and social paralysis I decided to give milk powder for use. This is a glimpse of the science behind breastfeeding and discussions about bottling and expression breast feeding. The book Science of Mother is written in more detail, including the infant's feeding research, the limits of scientific research, and how to properly see promoting breastfeeding and cultural barriers. I have created a free e-mail series for you! If you do not feel the joy and happiness of motherhood you were expecting, this e-mail series will change your perception of your birth. That's rig ht. I saw my mature strategy work many times over and over for moms like you. I know that it is also in you. Breastfeeding is encouraged and public breastfeeding is common. In fact, baby feeding is generally not recommended, and public baby feeding can cause discomfort to mothers over public breastfeeding. Many shopping centers offer parent's room where mothers can comfortably change their bodies and feed their babies. Most areas of breastfeeding in South America are regulated, and public breastfeeding is common in buses, parks, shopping malls, and so on. It is not common to see a public baby bottle than breastfeeding. Women rarely appear in high-end restaurants and street care in big cities, but nursing, encouraging and thinking about the breasts of regular mothers or lactating mothers is not considered sexual subjects.