The Ins And Outs Of Recommendation Letters COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

The Ins And Outs Of Recommendation Letters COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Because of the sheer quantity of applicants and because of the geographic distances from which they apply, SIPA regrettably cannot offer interviews to prospective students. In order to get the most accurate snapshot of a candidate, the admissions committee relies on letters of recommendation from those that can vouch for an applicant’s prior success and if he or she would be an asset to the SIPA community. In the past, there has been some confusion about these letters. Who should they be from? What should they say? How well does the writer have to know me? This post will attempt to dispel some of the myths behind the recommendation letter and what we are looking for. How many letters of recommendation do you need? We want three recommendation letters from each applicant, no more, no less. Please follow this guideline, as it is important for us to hear a number of distinct voices on why we should consider your candidacy. Who should these letters be from? We ask that each applicant submit one reference from someone who knows him or her in an academic setting (your undergraduate English professor, your economics TA, your thesis adviser). We also ask that each applicant submit one reference from someone who knows him or her in a professional setting (your supervisor at work, your colleague with whom you spent late nights finishing a half-year project). The third letter can be from a recommender of your choice, but please avoid family members or friends who have not worked with you in a professional setting [or your local congressperson who only knows you live in his/her district]. I could get my colleague to write the recommendation, or I could get my supervisor (or the CEO of my company) to write it. Who should I choose? This is up to the applicant, but the golden rule is to choose the one who knows you better. Who can speak more convincingly on how you benefited the company? The answer to this question is always the right person to choose. Remember, we are trying to build a community at SIPA and we are trying to learn as much about you as possible. If the choice is between the Senator or his volunteer director with whom you worked all summer, opt for the volunteer director. What should my recommenders discuss in the letter? There are many topics we would like to see touched upon in the letter of recommendation. We want to learn more about the applicant’s ability to communicate and his or her writing and quantitative skills, critical thinking ability. We also want to know why he or she ultimately benefited the organization. Our main objective is to see if the candidate has the skills to succeed inside a SIPA classroom and will become an asset to our community. The recommender should keep this in mind when crafting the letter! Which professor should I choose to write my recommendation letter? Choose someone that knows you well and can speak to the skills mentioned above. It’s probably not a good idea to choose a professor whose class you got an “A” in but doesn’t know your first name. We would much rather see a recommendation from a professor who maybe gave you a B or B+, but knows you well and can speak to your skill set and your work ethic. Ask yourself this: which professor can speak highly of you and knows you well? I don’t have any work experience. Who should I ask for the professional recommendation? If you have no professional experience, you should ask someone who can speak to your abilities outside the classroom and in a work setting. Have you had an internship? Have you volunteered? Ask your supervisors from these experiences to write this recommendation for you. This will straddle academic and professional.  And as we mentioned before, try to ensure that this person can speak highly of you and knows you well. You can pair this recommendation with the two strong academic references that you will receive. I graduated from school a long time ago and absolutely cannot get an academic reference. What should I do? If you absolutely cannot get an academic reference, then three professional will suffice. Do you have any last words of advice for applicants? Have your recommenders be specific. We want to get as much information on you as possible, because we want more reasons to accept you into our incoming class!

Biography of Lugenia Burns Hope

Essay on Employee Motivation - 1738 Words

Employee Motivation Motivation is an important aspect in many organizations. In our organization motivation is a key to the success. When evaluating administrative staff, sales people, and production workers, each department works well utilizing different theories. One theory could not work adequately for all three; therefore, three theories were used. Production workers utilize the Two-factor theory; sales people use Vrooms expectancy theory and the Equity theory works for the administrative staff. Combining all three theories into one organization helps the organization run smoothly, while gaining successful motivation on all levels. Sales People Sales people rely on motivation that is accomplished through a process; this†¦show more content†¦The third phase of Vroom?s expectancy theory is setting their rewards. This phase is also referred to as the valence phase (2003, p.21). Managers in this phase need to take a look at different motivators that will help the sales person achieve higher performance. The manager should take into consideration the different cultures, and groups that are within the organization. According to Schermerhorn, Osborn and Hunt, researchers have defined two separate types of rewards. They are extrinsic rewards and intrinsic rewards (2003, p.22). Extrinsic rewards are when the reward is of monetary value. The sales person is motivated by a possible promotion, or an increase in salary. Intrinsic rewards are positive work outcomes that the individual receives directly as a result of their performance. They have a feeling of achievement or satisfaction, which is recognized by his or her managers . Sometimes this type of reward can be of monetary value, such as a trip or added time off. Whatever the reward, the manager should be sensitive to the different groups so that they are able to maintain high performance levels. When combining all three aspects of Vroom?s expectancy theory, the outcome will be good if the manager takes into consideration each work effort. If any one of the three factors is low, then motivation in the team or group will be low. The manager needs to clearly define expectations, set standards, recognize individualShow MoreRelatedThe Motivation And Employee Motivation1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe central problem that always employers and employees face is the employee motivation. The workers who put no effort to do their best in their jobs which will lead to low quality of work and give no benefit to the organization are the one who are not motivated (Amabile 1993). 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Kreisman Ph.D. Research/White Paper Insights Denver February, 2002 The Leadership Journey is a supervisory, management, and leadership training system consisting of 24 courses delivered on DVD, CD-ROM, VHS, and Online. Call 1-800-541-7872 or visit www.btedemo.com to preview courses. Page 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 W hy Employee Retention and Motivation Is Important†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Turbulence In The Work Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreMotivation Theories And Motivation Of Employee Motivation Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pagesour control and some that are not. Employee motivation is something that can directly affect an organizations production. It is no secret that un-motivated employees equates to un-productive workers, but how can we combat this? In order to better understand this concept we will look at the definition of employee motivation, some of the motivation theories and some motivation techniques that could be useful in our organizations. What is employee motivation? Motivation is a word used quite often in manyRead MoreMotivation And Efficiency Of Employee Motivation Essay2331 Words   |  10 PagesMotivation is defined as â€Å"the process that account for an individual’s intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Robbins Judge, 2016, p. 126). It is a flat out need to keep employees motivated in the workplace and boost them to perform beyond expectations. In addressing what elements of employment result in both motivation and efficiency, this paper briefly sketches some of the theories of motivation applied in workforce and analyses how these theories are appliedRead MoreEmployee Motivation And Motivation Theory1878 Words   |  8 Pagesvaluable resources for companies and them could be competitive advantages for modern companies. It is important for modern companies to improve employee satisfaction and performance so that they can improve their organisational performance and competitiveness (Armstrong, 2006). As a result, Employee’s motivation management is significantly for companies. Motivation is a cognitive process to guide, initiate, direct and maintain goal-oriented activities. It can also be defined as the driving forces directingRead MoreMotivation Strategy For Employee Motivation Essay2082 Words   |  9 Pagesthe strength and weaknesses of at least two theories of motivation. With the rapid changes of modern business environment, the competition between organizations becomes more and more fierce. In order to be competitive enough to stand out from the rest, businesses try to enhance their competitiveness by improving different area in the management aspect. In addition to, as service sector has become the most dominant industry nowadays, employee?s performance become more crucial as it can directly affect

Examples of Non Verbal Communication Free Essays

A person’s ability to communicate effectively with other persons forms an integral part of the individual’s identity and success. It may be expressed in speech, using language signs and symbols impulses, human language is the most important means of communication. Nonverbal communication is an activity to convey the message from one person to another without using a word. We will write a custom essay sample on Examples of Non Verbal Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now It happens mostly in the interpersonal conversation through their action and emotions. It’s more powerful than a verbal communication. Most of the psychology studies show 93% of communication in the workplace and public is nonverbal communication. This means that words are lower than the message our body offers out through different means. Nonverbal communication is playing a vital role in the healthcare industry also. The type of nonverbal communication is used in the clinical setting for the analysis and better understanding for the patient and practitioner relationship. Nonverbal communication is often defined as ‘body language’; body language includes silence, appearance, posture, facial expression, eye contact, gesture, touch. Example: include smiling, nodding, shaking the head and hand movement etc. Characteristics Nonverbal communication is intentional and unintentional. Nonverbal communication is ambiguous. Nonverbal communication is primary. Nonverbal communication is continuous. Nonverbal communication is multichannel. Significance It conveys meaning. It reflects unspoken. Type of Nonverbal Communication The kinds of nonverbal communications are the essential factor healthcare setting, such as: Facial expressions: Facial expression provides a wide range of information regarding the emotions; attitude and feeling such as happiness, sadness, fear is similar in all over the world and across the culture. Health care practitioners want to control the facial expressions because maybe our facial expression doesn’t encourage the patient to revile their problem. Appearance: Initial imprint is always striking in our mind. Whether it is in the workplace or in public, it always creates an image of the person. For Example; A professional grooming and appearance will give a sense of confidence in patients. Silence: Silence has been a positive and negative in the communication process.it can show a different meaning such as For Example: Positive – I am listening to what you are saying I am comfortable just being with you Negative- I am too tired to talk right now I am not interested to talk to you It always helps the healthcare professional with the better understanding of what the patient is trying to convey. Personal space: A physical distance should be maintained between healthcare professional and patient. Everyone has personal space in his or her social or public, it provides that individual with a sense of uniqueness, feeling, secure and control. It is of four types:- Warm space = up to one feet away from each other Individual space=1.5 to 4 feet’s away from each other Social space =4to12 feet’s away from each other Public space=More than 12 feet’s Eye contact: maintain a good eye contact with the patient, but do not stare because people are from a different culture so always make a good eye contact with the clients in a right way. Example: The doctor-patient eye contact and gestures are key components in figuring out how plenty of facts affected patients might be include showing. The effective eye contact with clients and it will lead to deriving the attention of his/ him or patients. Three types: Staring- Challenges and warnings. Glances- Socially acceptable timings. Appraisal- Interest indication. Touch: Touch is one of the essential meanings of communication techniques, moreover it conveys people concern and affection. Touch with a proper eye contact is very important when the people choose to touch as their communication mode. So people should able to understand what our culture of each and every person, otherwise it will lead to cultural issues and also it needs the concern of the person to touch. Gesture: Gesture is always made the speech is meaningful.it includes the action of the head, hand and other body parts. Some of the gestures are independent without a speech. To exemplify it: when the doctor going to examine the patient he or she could hold a stethoscope place it on his or her chest. Two types: Open gesture: welcome: shake hand, Unclosed legs, unbuttoned jacket Closed gesture: frowning leg crossed rigid posture and moving away. Posture: The health care professionals share the message with the whole body. The posture should be changed in the culture it reflects the emotions, attitude and intentions Three types of postures: Open posture: hands are apart, arms resting in the lamp, Closed posture: arms fold, rigid Mirroring: When couples do the same thing is a sign of multi-administration. Advantages and disadvantages of nonverbal communication: Advantages   Clear explanation Knowledge transfer Exchange of feeling Time-saving Substituting the verbal messages Disadvantages Long conversations are not possible Difficult to understand   Not everybody prefers Lack of formality   Culture-bound Sum-up the effective nonverbal communication skills in health care is essential for giving high-quality clinical care to the clients. Patient– healthcare expert conversation is an essential skill of medical practice. It’s far the constructing block on which a healing relationship with the affected person is constructed. By way of understanding a patient in a holistic way, the health practitioner healthcare company can draw a total care plan which is first-class desirable for that patient Reference Singh, Hardip, Gendeh., (2016, February). The art of non-verbal communication in healthcare. Retrieved from: https://www.star2.com/living/viewpoints/2016/02/21/the-art-of-non-verbal-communication-in-healthcare/#5wiVlL6hYpBxGg3O.99 Segal, J., Smith, M., Boose, G., ; Jaffe, J. (2016, April). Nonverbal communication.Retrieved from www.helpguide.org/articles/relationships/nonverbal-communication.htm Kumar, Aakash., H, Brian, Francis., Srikant, Parasar., Singh, Prateek., (2014, October ). Non-Verbal Communication. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/FiveEEE/nonverbal-communication-40029623 How to cite Examples of Non Verbal Communication, Papers

One aspect of cinema during the silent era

Introduction Despite of the fact that the technology for making movies was discovered as early as 1895 by Frenchman Louis Lumiere, it was only until the late 1920s that the use of sound was introduced (Hunt, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on One aspect of cinema during the silent era specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The movies which were released during this era when the simultaneous use of sound in films is commonly done like in today’s movies are normally referred to as silent movies. This era, which admittedly did a lot in paving the way for the movies with sound that we enjoy today, is commonly known as the silent era (Khoshbakht, 2011). In this paper, major focus will be on giving a detailed analysis of the use of music in movies from the silent era vis-à  -vis the use of music in the current films. In doing so, various similarities and differences of the use of music in cinema industry during both eras — detailing variant aspects and intricacies — will be expansively given. But before delving into such elemental intricacies, what should we primarily know about the use of music during these two eras? Brief overview into the use of music in the silent and modern era Essentially, it is worth beginning by stating that even though the directors of movies of the silent era did not manage to find ways of simultaneously using sound in their movies; various provisions were made to include external sounds so as to augment understanding of movies. According to (//), the use of sound during the silent era was majorly in form of performances by artists. According to (//above), this idea of including sound from performances by artists was majorly pegged on the discovery of the usefulness of sound in offering additional explanations of pictures to audiences creating an ambient mood for various feelings and prolonging productions of movies so as to keep audiences e ntertained for a long time. Even more specifically, music, which was the major sound tool used in the silent era, oriented to better understanding of movies by fulfilling the above-mentioned sound roles. To explicate the usage of music during the silent era and the fundamental importance it had, Filmbug (2011) reports that: Early in the development of the motion picture industry, it was learned that music was an essential part of any movie, as it gave the audience emotional cues for the action taking place on the screen. Small town and neighborhood movie theaters usually had a pianist accompany the film; large city theaters would have entire orchestras.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As time went by, directors from various parts across the world became more creative in the use of music. In addition, more movie audiences were reported as preferring movies with music bein g used compared to those that utterly contained pictures alone. These two factors facilitated the already agitated need for the use of sound and music for that matter. By the early 1920s, the use of music had escalated to a point whereby all the movies released during this time entailed its usage in one way or another. A perfect example of a movie released during this time is the famed Charlie Chaplin comedy. In 1930, most production houses like the Warner Bros had technology allowing the use of sound in movies, that is why they began to release movies containing sound (music) and, soon after that, a standard regulation was put in place ordering the use of sound in all standard films meant for public viewership (Bordwell, 2008). Today, most, if not all, movies use sound within their music with the very advanced sound effects. The similarities and differences in the use of music during the both eras are analytically discussed below (Sparknotes, 2011). Main Discussion Music in the Sil ent and Modern (Contemporary) Movie Eras In doing this discussion, the similarities and differences of the use of music will be done separately. Then, in conclusion, a rejoinder of the discussions, in form of a summary, will be given followed by a recapitulative conclusion of the entire content of this paper. Similarities To begin with, Holmes and Negra (2011, p.16-20) state that the use of music in movies during the silent era was done for more-or-less the same purpose it is done today. For example, to evoke certain emotions, facilitate understanding and lengthen or shorten timelines in the movies are among other reasons. For instance, when the Lumieres movies were shown in Japan, music was offered in form of performances by the Benshi using a technique known as Tasuke (Hunt, 2011). The Tasuke technique, according to Hunt, was meant to offer creative exposition and explanations of the films. Similarly, today’s movies use music for the same purpose.Advertising We will wr ite a custom research paper sample on One aspect of cinema during the silent era specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, the use of emotional music in the hit movie Titanic is to evoke feelings of love, hate and sadness in various scenes. Essentially, this is the reason why Titanic was and still is one of the most renowned movies of all the times. Moreover, during the both eras, music is skillfully used in the movies. In the silent era, music was practiced, well orchestrated and used at specific times during the movie. Today, the practice is still the same. However, some cases of miscalculated or haphazard use of music are witnessed mostly in productions that are directed by non professionals (Yahnke, 1996). Of course, it is inherent to state that today, technological advancement presents better ways of channeling music in movies, thus giving the audience better sound quality compared to that of the silent era. Speaking of the s ilent era, Hunt (2011) states that â€Å"like still photography, x-rays, air travel, and high-speed land travel, all popularised at the turn of the 20th century, the cinema offered a new perspective from which to view the world.† It, therefore, goes without saying that the music used variably in movies across the globe during this silent era offered insights into how different people viewed the world. For example, between 1910 and 1930, the use of action, like music in such gangster movies as The Musketeers of Pig Alley (1912), The Great Train Robbery (1903) and The Racket (1928), was reverently received. This, probably, explains that around this time, there were a lot of crimes in the world, thus presenting the need for their depiction in movies (Dirks, 2011). In today’s world, the situation is hugely similar. For example, the presence of several witchcraft movies in Western Africa with scary or ritualistic songs being used shows the nature of religion in this part of the world. Using such songs makes it easy for the audience not only identify easily the themes in the movies but also offer more insights into the kind of songs normally used on such occasions. Again, in films produced during the both eras, music was used more in lengthy movies compared to the short ones. To this regard, movies during the silent period were mostly short. In such films, the use of music was very limited. In the today’s world, the same trend of using more music in longer movies is eminent just in the same way it was in the earlier days.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In relations to this point, it is also worth noting that the nature of song used to accompany the movies in the silent era was determined by the type of movie. Similarly, today’s movies tend to follow the same principle (Sparknotes 2011). Another vital factor considered placing the music in the movies during the silent eras as well as in the world today is the economic empowerment of the people producing the movies. It is for this reason that the selection of professionals to do music performances in the silent era was mainly performed by people directed those movies. thus, the kind and the quality of sound effects were also depended on well-off financing. In fact, as time went during the silent era, modifications and advancements that occurred in the use of music were mostly eminent in elite movies where producers and directors had enough money to try out various ideas. Very few of the ideas and contributions of rather poor people saw the daylight of success when compared to their well-off counterparts (Filmbug, 2011). Today, the situation is no different. Advancements in the movie industry with regards to the use of music mostly occur in well-off societies. According to this, creators of the movies that are well-budgeted for are able to hire professionals easily, select quality equipment and try out various ideas when compared to their poor counterparts (Filmbug, 2011). However, this tendency should not be misinterpreted in any way as the involvement of money leads to good movies. Reportedly, several movies have been produced by splashing lots of cash yet yielded poor results whereas those that had a low budget to operate with have performed admirably. It is just that when money is adequately available, producers and directors have a better opportunity of using the best techniques and innovations and trying out various ideas, thus facilitating a better performance in a myriad of ways when compared to their counterparts (Filmbug, 2011). Finally, it is inherently important to state that even though the use of music in movies was considered as an important element during the silent era, just like it is still meant today, several good movies were produced without any music at all. Differences The most noticeable difference in the use of music in these two eras is that, during the silent era music used in the films was from live performances, today’s movies rely on digitized technology that allows music to be synchronized with visuals within the movie. In effect, errors that might result from distortions during live performances are avoided, thus making today’s movies more reliable and easy to reach the target audience in the same format intended by the directors. Today, variations in audio normally come in form of editing and formats in which the movies are rendered. To a great extent, music used in films today is hugely advanced compared to that used in the silent era. As a aforementioned, this is based on the fact th at today’s technologies are well advanced, and the directors are also able to master ways of synchronizing audios and visuals more effectively than it was impossible to do in the past. Digging deep into the annals of movie history, we can find huge differences in the quality of music used in movies from these two eras (Hunt, 2011). Relating to the point above, Hunt (2011) states that during the silent era, â€Å"The significance was not the content of these films but rather the medium.† For this reason, relatively little attention was paid to the act of blending audios and visuals in movies. On the other hand, today’s movies are judged not just in terms of content but also on the use of music as well. For movies to be considered as being good by critics today, they must have good music and content as well. As a result, directors have to put a lot of efforts in selecting good content for a movie as well as searching for the best music (Filmbug, 2011). Another poi nt is that movies during the silent era were overly dramatized and often exaggerated in terms of sound used, and the content relayed to audiences (Hunt, 2011). According to Yahnke (1996), this trend was majorly based on the fact that movies during this era lacked actual actors’ speech, thus necessitating the need to send the intended message through emphatic body language and facial expressions. Contrastingly, today’s films have music which through modern devices like remote controls or sound systems, can be increased or reduced together with other audio elements in the movie. Resultantly, the need for over-dramatization is eliminated since people can easily understand what is going on in the movie by simply hearing the music being played, words being said by the actors or even reading subtitles that are often customized in several languages to suit various audiences (Hunt, 2011). In addition, the music used during the silent era relied on performances by people. For i nstance, performing songs throughout a long movie became challenging greatly since the singers could easily become tired. Also, the reaching ability of movies to wider audiences became hugely impeded by inability of some performers to travel to certain areas. As a result of such inefficacies of the overreliance of performers in carrying on the agenda of music in movies, silent movies were greatly limited (Bordwell, 2008). On the other hand, audio (from music) and visuals are easily synchronized for today’s movies right at the studio. By the time the movie is released in the market, the audios can be heard very easily without the need of live performers. Also, today’s movies do not heavily rely on live performers to do the audio parts of the movie. This does not only increase the reach of movies to wider audiences but additionally makes the actors have an easy time of simply acting once. In this regard, the availability of the Internet and the World Wide web as forums f or sharing digital information has been praised for facilitating the good reach of movies to the target audiences (Sparknotes, 2011). It is, however, important to note duly that in spite of the several advantages that today’s technologies present, with regards to giving better music than in the silent era, there are also some down-sides that have been noted as explicatively detailed below. Firstly, there is an increased usage of modified human voices using technologies like auto-tune and robots which personify the revered human element in movies. Despite the fact that some audiences love to listen occasionally to these modified sounds, a good number of people view them as fake and dehumanizing. This is, probably, the reason why the ancient practices of live performances of music is slow but, surely, catching up in today’s world. Classic performances in silent movies like Charlie Chaplin have also gained an increased audience in today’s world, especially among ch ildren (Yahnke, 1996). Secondly, being able to modify sounds like music easily has opened a door for a vista of endless hazardous possibilities, such as impersonation, piracy or even copyrights infringement which are the practices that are legally punishable. On top of the fact that such practices are illegal, they also soil the hard work done by the rightful owners of these performances. During the silent era, such cases were greatly limited since impersonating people could be easily noticed by audiences. Also, the unavailability of the adequate technologies made it difficult for manipulations of music and other audio accompaniments in movies. Thirdly and lastly, the availability of the Internet as a forum for accessing and sharing pictures, music or even movies has made it easy for adult content to spread easily to wrong audiences such as children. In effect, this corrodes the moral fabric of the society and creates an amiable environment that nurtures the growth of criticized hab its like viewing or listening to pornographic content. Summary of the discussion Going by the above discussions, it is undoubtedly clear that we have, indeed, come a long way in the evolution of films. Several changes, both positive and negative, have been witnessed in this painstaking evolution. Nonetheless, there is an abundance of learning that has taken place and that is the reason why today’s movies are, by far and large, better than those in the silent era in spite of the presence of some limitations as earlier stated. If more progress is to be ensued today, it is paramount that the concerned parties like the government, teachers, legal entities, parents and peers will own up to their roles in facilitating change. For example, the coordination of all these parties in curbing the excessive permissiveness of forums like the internet is necessary. Finally, several initiatives have been made to improve the use of music in movies and, reportedly, some are currently underway to help to reach a better situation while overcoming the existing challenges. A good example here is the borrowing of creative ideas of the silent era and other movie eras as well to help improve today’s movies. If such practices can be continually inculcated, huge progress can be realized. Conclusion In spite of the fact that this paper focuses mainly on the aspect of music in movies, it is remarkable to state that there are many other aspects that need not only to be assessed but also improved. To better the aspect of music is undeniably a step in the right direction considering the important role it plays in movies today. However, if overall success is to be realized in the entire movie industry, then other factors and aspects have to be appropriately keyed in. Also, although the research conducted in this paper is succinctly exhaustive, there are many other intricacies of music use in movies that need to be spotlighted by researchers and academicians. This will not only h elp in filling the literary gaps regarding the evolution of movies but also lay formidable foundation upon which future researches can be conducted. Additionally, it is commonly said that those who do not learn from history are bound to repeat it. If viewed under a negative spotlight, repeating history can be very costly and detrimental. Moreover, a majority of the happenings in the movie industry today are results of past events in one way or another. For this reason, it is recommendable that in-depth studies are done on the past nature of events in the movie industry so as to be able to understand the present occurrences while intermittently being able to prepare for the future. It is only by doing so we can be assured of overcoming the usual hiccups in the highly competitive market of movie-making and movie-watching. References Bordwell, D. (2008). Doing film history. Web. Dirks, T. (2011). Crime gangster films: Part 1. Web. Filmbug. (2011). Movie history. Web. Holmes, S., Negr a, D. (2011). In the limelight and under the microscope. New York: Continuum International Publishing group. Hunt, M. (2011). Cinema: Film history since 1880. Web. Khoshbakht, E. (2011). An interview with silent film composer Ekkehard Wolk.  Web. Sparknotes. (2011). Film history: contemporary period (1980-present).  Web. Yahnke, R. E. (1996). Cinema history, chapter 1, Films from the silent era.  Web. This research paper on One aspect of cinema during the silent era was written and submitted by user Lucian Dodson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Theology of Missions Paper Essay Example

Theology of Missions Paper Essay Example Theology of Missions Paper Essay Theology of Missions Paper Essay Essay Topic: Natural Theology The Lord Of the Rings the Fellowship Of the Ring In today’s time the other main focus besides Jesus Christ is dealing with the concept of mission to where everybody focuses on it. There are many different definitions that have been expounded upon by scholars of the church or by people who have taken a great interest in seeing the word of God spread throughout the world to the lost. As we further explore the scriptures in the bible we can clearly see that God loves his people and he desires to see them not perish. In the book of John 3:16 (KJV) 16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. This is the strongest demonstration that God shows and teaches us. Through this we are compelled to put effort into learn the word of God so that we will be effective in sharing the word of God abroad to all the nation of the earth through missions. Encountering Missions in the Old and New Testament The purpose of us reading the bible is for us to understand God and his intention for his creation on this earth through missions. First, it presents the mission and purpose of God with great power and clarity and with universal implications for all humanity. Second, the Old Testament shaped the very nature of the mission of the New testament church, which, indeed, felt compelled to justify its mission practice from the Scriptures we now call the Old Testament†. (Wright 2000) In the book Introducing World Miss ion, the author examines the missions of the Old Testament and categories them into four scenarios. The first one is the creation and the fall. The second is God’s calling and setting apart a people for himself. The third is God’s work in rescuing his people and the fourth one is God’s work sending his people into exile. When close examining the four categories you see in the first one that God creates a people for his purpose and that is to praise and worship him and to be a representative ruler in the earth as he is ruler of the universe In the book of Genesis we that that God say in verse 26, â€Å"to let us make man in our image and likeness male and female†. For some time many people have misunderstood this phrase and equated to a fact that that God has an image and we are made in the very image of him. Which is very true but they look at it from a natural man’s perspective. We know that we have a spirit that has a body that possesses a soul. If that is a case we must realize that if God is in us and he is a Spirit, then the image that was talked about in verse 26 was the spirit that dwells in us. God desired to share that with us through his creation. Look at what he did when he formed Adam. He created everything for him and he wanted him to do was subdue the earth as God did in heaven. Then the ultimate thing happen when Adam disobeyed God. There was a spiritual separation that took place when he consumed the forbidden fruit. Genesis 3:7-13 (KJV) 7 And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons. 8 And they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God amongst the trees of the garden. 9 And the Lord God called unto Adam, and said unto him, Where art thou? 10 And he said, I heard thy oice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself. 11 And he said, Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat? 12 And the man said, The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat. 13 And the Lord God said unto the woman, What is this that thou hast done? And the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat. In the second category we God move through love and that is establishing a covenant thru Noah and Abraham. Looking at the covenant with Noah he promise with the bow that he would never destroy mankind with a flood and that covenant still exist and we can see mainly after it rains. The covenant with Abraham was a lot different from the one of Noah. God begin to cut a covenant with Abram before he was even called Abraham. He began to tell him that he was going to bless him and make you a great nation. He said that he would make his name great. He also included that he would be a blessing and that he would bless those who bless him and curse those had cursed him. This is very amazing because you begin to see God making a transition thru the man of God to get the people back to where they belong and that is in God. In this whole entire time we see that God is moving on the behalf of the people. In the book of exodus we see how he rescues them from Pharaoh. We also see how he begins to set order in so that the training of his will take place. Ultimately this take place with the birth, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ to reconcile us back to the Father. The whole entire time from the Old Testament to the New Testament was undisclosed mission work that took place on earth. Mission Theology In The World Missions book the others believe that theology concerns itself with reflection on the nature of the gospel, and the theology of mission with the question of the way the Church spreads the gospel. Indicating that there both important to the gospel spreading the word. Many scholars dealing with this topic began to integrate comparative motif with Theology of Missions and Biblical Revelation. The first motif dealt with the Kingdom of God. The second one was centered on Jesus which is the main focus for mission work. The third one was the reliance on the Holy Ghost. He is a very important one because he empowers the people for mission work. The fourth one deals with the church which is a local body that assembles together for worship and fellowship. The last important one is the returning of Jesus, which brings motivations to the believer to endure. Effecting the People No matter how many different definitions or opinion that have or will generate for missions. The main focus is in the Great Commission that Jesus left for all believers. He focus was to make sure that the word of God was spread to all nations and that disciples were being made so that they could continue the work until Jesus return for us. On that note it is very imperative that all believers’ especially missionaries understand the word from God’s perspective and not man’s. They have to understand everything when they are about to go to another country. For example, understanding the history and customs play a very important role. For instance a women going to an Islamic country without covering herself is suicide because they did not take the time to research the customs of that country. Conclusion In this walk with Christ we all must realize that we are a part of a kingdom that is so big and powerful. The important thing to remember is that there are no big I’s or U’s in the Kingdom. We all have a part to play, whether we preach or do mission work it all is important in the Kingdom. We must take the focus of us and remember John 3:16. For it was he that sacrificed his Son for us. Bibliography A. Scott Moreau, Gary R. Corwin and Gary B McGee. Introducing World Missions. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004. Key-Word Study Bible. Chattanooga: AMG Publisher, 1991.

The 4 Stages of the Ladybug Life Cycle

The 4 Stages of the Ladybug Life Cycle Ladybugs go by several other names: lady beetles, ladybug beetles, and ladybird beetles. Regardless of what you call them, these beetles belong to the family Coccinellidae. All ladybugs progress through a four-stage life cycle known as complete metamorphosis. Embryonic Stage (Eggs) Wilfried Martin / Getty Images The ladybug life cycle begins with an egg. Once she has mated, the female ladybug lays a cluster of 10 to 50 eggs. Usually, shell deposit her eggs on a plant with suitable prey for her offspring to eat when they hatch; aphids are a favorite food. Between spring and early summer, a single female ladybug may produce up to 1,000 eggs. Scientists believe ladybugs lay both fertile and infertile eggs in the cluster. When aphids are in limited supply, the newly hatched larvae will feed on the infertile eggs. Larval Stage (Larvae) Pavel Sporish / Getty Images In about four days, the ladybug larvae emerge from their eggs. Species and environmental variables (such as temperature) may shorten or lengthen this time frame. Ladybug larvae look somewhat like tiny alligators, with elongate bodies and bumpy exoskeletons. In many species, the ladybug larvae are black with brightly colored spots or bands. In the larval stage, ladybugs feed voraciously. A single larva can consume dozens of aphids per day. Larvae feed on other soft-bodied plant pests as well, including scale insects, adelgids, mites, and insect eggs. Ladybug larvae dont discriminate when feeding, and will sometimes eat ladybug eggs, too. The newly hatched larva is in its first instar (a developmental stage that occurs between molts). It feeds until it grows too big for its cuticle (soft shell), at which time it will molt. After molting, the larva is in the second instar. Ladybug larvae usually molt through four instars, or larval stages, before preparing to pupate. The larva will attach itself to a leaf or other surface when it is ready to pupate (metamorphose into its adult form). Pupal Stage (Pupae) Pavel Sporish / Getty Images In its pupal stage, the ladybug is usually yellow or orange with black markings. The pupa remains still, attached to a leaf, throughout this stage. The ladybugs body undergoes a remarkable transformation, directed by special cells called histoblasts. The histoblasts control a biochemical process through which the larval body is broken down and reformed into the adult ladybug. Depending on the species and environmental variables such as temperature, the pupal stage may last 3 to 12 days. Imaginal Stage (Adult Beetles) Jà ¶rg Mikus / EyeEm / Getty Images Newly emerged adults, or imagos, have soft exoskeletons, making them vulnerable to predators until their cuticles harden. They also appear pale and yellow when they first emerge, but soon develop the deep, bright colors for which ladybugs are known. Adult ladybugs feed on soft-bodied insects, just as their larvae do. Adults overwinter, usually hibernating in aggregations. They mate soon after becoming active again in the spring. How to Find Ladybug Eggs and Larvae If you have a garden plant that is prone to aphid infestations, you have access to prime ladybug habitat. If you want to familiarize yourself with the ladybug life cycle, visit this plant daily. Take your time examining the leaves, lifting them to observe the undersides, and youll likely find a cluster of bright yellow eggs.  Within a few days, tiny ladybug larvae will hatch, and youll find the odd-looking immature ladybugs on the prowl for aphids. Later, youll see dome-shaped pupae, shiny and orange. If aphids are abundant, adult lady beetles will hang around, too.